The First World War marked the shift from a 19th century, relatively ad hoc management of prisoners of war, to the 20th century’s sophisticated prisoner of war camp systems, with their bureaucratic management, rationalization of the labour use of prisoners, and complex modern logistical and security apparatuses. It also led to transnational, global systems of captivity. This article will assess...

According to the Religious Openness Hypothesis, the religious and psychological openness of American Christians is obscured by a defensive ghettoization of thought associated with a Religious Fundamentalist Ideological Surround and can be discovered instead within a Biblical Foundationalist Ideological Surround. A test of this claim examined Religious Fundamentalism, Biblical Foundationalism, Q...

power of the muslim brotherhood after egypt’s revolution of 2011 and effective role in the approval of the constitution in 2012 ,led to be considered the idea of an islamic state by the various media and academic circles . this issue has necessitated need for research on this topic with a focus on the question: what is the idea of an islamic state in the muslim brotherhood's political thou...

This paper describes how people living in armed-conflict environments use social media as a participatory news platform, in lieu of damaged state and media apparatuses. We investigate this by analyzing the microblogging practices of Mexican citizens whose everyday life is affected by the Drug War. We provide a descriptive analysis of the phenomenon, combining content and quantitative Twitter da...

Many kinds of operation methods and apparatuses have been reported for the stereoencephalotomy. These apparatuses are discussed regarding the stability and accuracy in inserting an electrode to the target and easiness to handle. Several methods for destroying target point are compared on preciseness in controlling size of lesion, complications and prognosis. From this points of view a new stere...

The present study aims to establish comprehensive test methods to evaluate the mechanical properties of the intravascular coronary stent with a closed cell design. We focused on three important mechanical properties required to the stent, bending flexibility, radial strength, and longitudinal strength. Test apparatuses and testing procedures were then developed for precise evaluation of those p...