The contribution of amateur scientists to the International Geophysical Year (IGY) was substantial, especially in the arena of spotting artificial satellites. This article examines how Fred L. Whipple and his colleagues recruited satellite spotters for Moonwatch, a program for amateur scientists initiated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) in 1956. At the same time, however, the...

In an attempt to prepare egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) to treat and prevent cholera, hens were immunized by a mixture of heat- or formalin-killed Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 organisms, or by the recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (CTB). The IgYs were partially purified from egg yolk and orally administered to suckling mice before or after challenge with live O1 or O139 cells. The anti-O1 and O...

Chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) from immunized hens have considerable advantages for the production of polyclonal antibodies. It reacts with more epitopes and avoids the interference in immunological assays. Regarding the IgY aptitudes, this study was conducted to produce chicken IgY specific for influenza M2 (M2e) protein. Fusion construct harboring C-terminal of bovine heat shock prote...

background: to control avian coccidiosis with drug-independent strategy effec-tively and safely, multivalent hyperimmune egg yolk immunoglobulin (igy) was prepared and its ability to protect against eimeria tenella infection was evaluated. methods: hens were orally immunized with live oocysts of 5 species of eimeria for six times, antibody titers in serum and yolk were monitored by indirect enz...

Dental caries an ever growing public health problem is not much amenable to existing preventive measures. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of mouth rinse containing chicken egg yolk antibodies generated against whole cell antigen and cell associated glucosyltransferase enzyme (CA-GTF) of Streptococcus mutans in preventing recolonization of S.mutans in dental p...

Avian vitellin antibodies (IgY) obtained after immunization with mouse IgG and mouse IgM in the presence or absence of Freund"s complete adjuvant are suited for labelling with FITC or biotin. In FACS analysis the antibodies prove to be excellent tools in detecting mouse monoclonal antibodies of different isotypes. The working dilution (titer of IgY-FITC) is highest when egg preparations of the ...

A detailed study of the diurnal and seasonal variations in atmospheric electrical potential gradient near around during IQSY has been made from records photographic electrograph installed Meteorological Office at Poona. The results are compared with earlier values obtained Poona IGY, Bombay both IGY IQSY. electric field shows a large increase since these attributed to Increase sources pollution...

AIM This study was undertaken to compare the immunoglobulin Y (IgY) level and its efficacy in laying hens of four different breeds of poultry (viz., Vanraja, Gramapriya, BlackRock, and KalingaBrown) and its relative transfer in egg yolk and chick. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted in 48 apparently healthy laying hens vaccinated with Salmonella inactivated polyvalent vaccine, eggs...

Egg-laying hens were immunized with the Echis carinatus venom and the resulting antibodies were extracted from egg yolk by four different purification methods. The chicken egg yolk antibodies were purified by the water dilution method, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and ammonium sulphate precipitation method, chloroform extraction and the Lithium sulphate precipitation method. These methods were com...

PURPOSE House dust mites (HDMs) are an important source of indoor allergens associated with asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Chicken immunoglobulin (Ig) Y is known to be a good alternative to mice and rabbit antibody production. In this study, we produced IgYs specific to HDMs and investigated their IgE immunoreactivities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total IgYs were isolated from the yolks o...