We investigate solving discrete optimization problems using the ‘estimation of distribution’ (EDA) approach via a novel combination of deep belief networks (DBN) and inductive logic programming (ILP). While DBNs are used to learn the structure of successively ‘better’ feasible solutions, ILP enables the incorporation of domain-based background knowledge related to the goodness of solutions. Rec...

BACKGROUND Severe arm disability is considered to indicate poor potential to recover arm function. OBJECTIVE Determine if stroke survivors with severe upper arm disability can achieve a clinically important change in arm function on discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. METHODS 618 stroke survivors from 16 inpatient rehabilitation units were assessed on admission and discharge using the ...

Shrinking achievement gaps is very important in educational and social progress. The TIMSS provides information on the achievement gaps among different countries in mathematics and science. For Taiwan, Based on the result of TIMSS 2003, there was an excellent average performance in Taiwan. However, the proportion of low achievers was high and the overall students’ learning interest and self-eff...

We tested whether the goal to attain normative superiority over other students, referred to as performance-approach goals, is particularly distractive for high-Working Memory Capacity (WMC) students-that is, those who are used to being high achievers. Indeed, WMC is positively related to high-order cognitive performance and academic success, a record of success that confers benefits on high-WMC...

Currently in the literature, there is a dearth of empirical research that confirms whether international junior success is a reliable predictor for future international senior success. Despite the uncertainty of the junior-senior relationship, federations and coaches still tend to use junior success as a predictor for long-term senior success. A range of former investigations utilising a retros...

This research examined moderators of naturally occurring self-fulfilling prophecies. The authors assessed whether positive or negative self-fulfilling prophecies were more powerful and whether some targets were more susceptible to self-fulfilling prophecies because of their self-concepts in a particular achievement domain and previous academic records. Participants were 98 teachers and 1,539 st...

Conventional regression analysis is typically used in educational research. Usually such an analysis implicitly assumes that a common set of regression parameter estimates captures the population characteristics represented in the sample. In some situations, however, this implicit assumption may not be realistic, and the sample may contain several subpopulations such as high math achievers and ...

The individualized learning plan (ILP) is a tool that promotes self-directed learning. The aim of this pilot study was to look at the perception of the ILPs in United States senior medical school students as a way to improve their learning experience during their advanced practice clerkship. We conducted a survey of graduating medical students that contained both quantitative and open-ended que...