Many different bases functions have been used to estimate the solution to differential equations, such as orthogonal bases [3, 4, 14, 15], wavelets [7–8] and hybrid [2, 13, 16–17]. The various systems of orthogonal functions may be classified into two categories. The first is piecewise continuous function (PCBF) to which the orthogonal systems of Walsh functions [5], Block-pulse functions [4, 1...

A novel and eective method based on Haar wavelets and Block Pulse Functions(BPFs) is proposed to solve nonlinear Fredholm integro-dierential equations of fractional order.The operational matrix of Haar wavelets via BPFs is derived and together with Haar waveletoperational matrix of fractional integration are used to transform the mentioned equation to asystem of algebraic equations. Our new met...

In this study, we present a direct method to solve nonlinear two-dimensional VolterraHammerestein integral equations in terms of twodimensional piecewise constant block-pulse functions (2D-PCBFs). Properties of these functions and operational matrix of integration together with the product operational matrix are presented and used to transform the integral equation to a matrix equation which co...