Determination of the avian influenza (AI) status of a flock has traditionally been done by detection of serum antibodies. However, for many diseases, detection of antibodies in egg yolk has been effective in monitoring the disease status of laying flocks. This study compared the utility of egg yolk vs. serum for determining AI status in laying hen flocks. Specific-pathogen-free white leghorn he...

Nasopharyngeal swab collection for SARS-CoV-2 examination by RT-PCR requires Viral Transport Medium (VTM) using VTM non-activated and inactivated. This study determined the difference in CT values SARS CoV-2 inactivated VTM. is a comparative analytical with cross-sectional method 20 confirmed positive samples at RSU. Dr. Suyoto was analyzed T-Independent test (N gene) Mann-Whitney (ORF1ab SPSS ...

conclusions the aiv loaded into cnp vaccines induce appropriate antibody titers, after a single immunization, while requiring a low dose of antigen. the cnp also represent an interesting new platform for antigen delivery and a promising adjuvant candidate for h9n2 inactivated influenza vaccine. results the cnp did not cause any mortality or side effects, when chickens were administered the prep...

The present study evaluates the adjuvant effect of rec-B2L protein orf virus and widely used oil with purified inactivated FMDV 146S trivalent antigens (O, A Asia 1) in guinea pig model. Rec-B2L expressed prokaryotic expression system was co-administered intradermally antigens. serum antibody titre, CMI response protective efficacy against FMDV-type ‘O’ virulent challenge were assessed. titres ...

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases that affect birds; the epizootic nature of the disease has caused severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. In this experiment ND virus (NDV) was inactivated by two different chemicals binary ethylenimine (BEI) and formaldehyde. Formaldehyde was used at 0.1%, while BEI was used at concentrations of 1 to 4 mM. NDV inact...