This work studied the feasibility of using a solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber for sampling and analysis of gaseous formaldehyde as well as particulate-bound formaldehyde from burning Chinese incense. The SPME fiber with PDMS/DVB coating were partially coated with o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (PFBHA), and used for sampling formaldehyde. The sampling rate fo...

BACKGROUND Conservation of biodiversity is primary important of today's critically vulnerable environment. Efficient conservation can be possible only with the long-term participation and understanding of the communities. Ritual beliefs of the indigenous people are one of the important tools to understand the local communities and aid the nature conservation. In this paper, we documented contem...

Islam is not present in a society empty of culture but here to find local traditions that develop and run amid pluralistic so are maintained packaged with Islamic values. Among the still growing community "incense-burning", routine Friday night ceremony part agricultural process Lembur Sawah Hamlet, West Bandung Regency. Using interview observation techniques, this qualitative research describe...

Frankincense and myrrh have been used as incense in religious and cultural ceremonies since the beginning of written history. Their common medicinal properties are used in the treatment for inflammatory conditions, some cancerous diseases, and wound healing. In the course of our characterization of the anti-inflammatory constituents from frankincense and myrrh, several terpenoid constituents we...

Introduction With the decline in the overland Silk Routes in the fifth century AD, traders from West Asia looked increasingly to the sea for alternative routes to China, and the silk they so highly valued. By the seventh century, with new advances in rigging technology and celestial navigation, they had successfully mastered the long seaborne journey, establishing the transoceanic sailing route...