5.1.1 Definitions The basic income indicators in Kazakhstan are the subsistence level and the poverty line. The subsistence level is the value of goods and services at prevailing prices necessary to meet the basic requirements for survival. It is proportional to the value of goods and services included in the consumer basket. The consumer basket consists of a food basket, while 30 percent is ad...

At the end of their debate with R. H. Str&, F. M. Fisher and J. Rothenberg make a plea for going beyond the Pareto optimality criterion in analyzing issues in welfare eoonomies.l The present study is in the spirit of this plea: an attempt is made in this paper to derive bounds on the optimal distribution of income under a particular set of value judgments. Because of a general reluctance of eco...