adi it ion ally, the problems of Byzantine agreement, concensus, and interactive consistency are studied in a fully connected network with processors in malicious failure only. Such problems are re-examined with the assumption of malicious faults on both processors and links. The proposed protocols use the minimum number of message exchanges and can tolerate the maximum number of allowable faul...

Dissociated neurons were cultured on lines of various lengths covered with adhesive material to obtain an experimental model system of linear signal transmission. The neuronal connectivity in the linear culture is characterized, and it is demonstrated that local spiking activity is relayed by synaptic transmission along the line of neurons to develop into a large-scale population burst. Formall...

Coverage rates of vegetation and exposed bedrock are two key indicators of karst rocky desertification. In this study, the abundances of vegetation and exposed rock were retrieved from a hyperspectral Hyperion image using linear spectral unmixing method. The results were verified using the spectral indices of karst rocky desertification (KRDSI) and an integrated LAI spectral index: modified chl...

Since 1967 there has again been great interest in chess programming. This paper demonstrates that the s t r u c t u r e of today's most successful programs cannot be ex tended to play Master level chess. Certain basic requ i rements of a Master player's performance are s h o w n to be outside the performance limits to which a p rog ram of this t ype could be extended. The paper also examines a ...

BACKGROUND Frailty can lead towards serious adverse consequences, such as disability. With regard to prevention valid screening instruments are needed to identify frail older people. The aim was to evaluate and compare the psychometric properties of three screening instruments: the Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) and the Sherbrooke Postal Questionnaire (SP...

The ability to acquire large-scale recordings of neuronal activity in awake and unrestrained animals is needed to provide new insights into how populations of neurons generate animal behavior. We present an instrument capable of recording intracellular calcium transients from the majority of neurons in the head of a freely behaving Caenorhabditis elegans with cellular resolution while simultane...

Tracey Day, Cecilia Morgan, Adi Ferrara, and Jim Kublin Welcome to a new edition of the HVTNews, the newsletter of the HIV Vaccine Trials Network. Our newsletter’s mission is to provide timely updates on the science of HIV vaccines, and the science of the HVTN. To that end, this issue features discussions that include innate immunity studies at the HVTN, the possible impact of the RV144 Correla...

As shown in Fig. 1, LCI results with similar impact pathways (e.g. all elementary flows influencing stratospheric ozone concentrations) are grouped into impact categories at midpoint level, also called midpoint categories. A midpoint indicator characterizes the elementary flows and other environmental interventions that contribute to the same impact. The term 'midpoint' expresses the fact that ...

A personalized e-learning service provides learning content to fit learners’ individual differences. Learning achievements are influenced by cognitive as well as non-cognitive factors such as mood, motivation, interest, and personal styles. This paper proposes the Learning Caution Indexes (LCI) to detect aberrant learning patterns. The philosophy behind the LCI is that if any non-cognitive fact...

To understand network dynamics of microcircuits in the neocortex, it is essential to simultaneously record the activity of a large number of neurons . In-vivo two-photon calcium imaging is the only method that allows one to record the activity of a dense neuronal population with single-cell resolution . The method consists in implanting a cranial imaging window, injecting a fluorescent calcium ...