This paper describes the outcomes of an investigation into the misconceptions and difficulties encountered when learning grammar. The study is based on evidence collected from a class of twelve-year-olds who were engaged upon a workscheme focusing on grammar,and two cohorts of PGCE English students undertaking an intensive grammar course. The analysis suggests that learning metalinguistic knowl...

Just as it is possible to refer to any entity, concrete or abstract, in extralinguistic reality, it is also possible to refer to any linguistic entity, be that a phoneme, a word, a sentence, or any other linguistic object. Metalinguistic reference can be achieved in two ways, by means of ‘autonymous’ and ‘heteronymous’ mention (cf. Recanati 2000: 137). Autonymous mention is a matter of quotatio...

Retrospective accounts of transgression and forgiveness situations in ongoing friendships and dating relationships were coded based on Kelley’s (1998) three forms of forgiveness granting (direct, indirect, and conditional). Across the sample, indirect forgiveness was reported most frequently, followed by direct and conditional forgiveness. Forgivenessgranting tendencies varied by relationship t...

Increased flexibility and modularisation in higher education complicates the process of learners finding their way through the offerings of higher education institutions. In lifelong learning, where learning opportunities are diverse and reach beyond institutional boundaries, it becomes even more complex to decide on a learning path. However, efficient and effective lifelong learning requires t...

The phenomenon of mixed quotation exhibits clear signs of both the apparent transparency of compositional language use and the opacity of pure quotation. I argue that the interpretation of a mixed quotation involves the resolution of a metalinguistic presupposition. The leading idea behind my proposal is that a mixed-quoted expression, say, “has an anomalous feature”, means what x referred to w...

Corrective feedback (CF) and its different types have long absorbed many scholars and practitioners. As Ellis (2009) mentioned some experimental studies need to be carefully designed to discover the relative effectiveness of each of these CF techniques. The goal of this qualitative study was to discover whether the employment of different CF strategies could bring about an attitudinal shift. To...

Contrary to the widely held presumption that quotations are quantificationally opaque, I argue that quantification into quotational contexts is in fact possible, although only in a very limited way. Specifically, I show that quantification over expressions, or metalinguistic quantification, into quotational contexts is attested in natural language. The main empirical support comes from Japanese...

The current study examines the impact of students’ beliefs on using writing CF. By comparing contexts and investigating about written CF, this investigated topic from cognitive perspective social perspective. 163 university students at Khwaja Fareed UEIT, Pakistan were participants study. Students placed into three groups: direct, indirect metalinguistic CF (urban students) two direct (rural). ...