BACKGROUND Smoking imposes considerably high economic costs both on the healthcare system as well as on a country as a whole. This study was aimed at systematically reviewing the currently published literature on the direct and indirect costs associated with smoking globally. METHODS A systematic review was performed on systematically searched articles from PubMed and Scopus databases publish...

The paper discusses the implications of optimal tax theory for the debates on uniform commodity taxation and neutral capital income taxation. While strong administrative and political economy arguments in favor of uniform and neutral taxation remain, recent advances in optimal tax theory suggest that the information needed to implement the differentiated taxation prescribed by optimal tax theor...

We consider the joint effect of profit and Pigouvian taxation in a model of imperfect competition. We show that, when both profit taxation and Pigouvian taxation/subsidy are used, the former is no longer neutral. The two fiscal tools are substitutes, and for any profit taxation rate there exists a unique Pigouvian tax that entails the first best outcome as an equilibrium. Our analysis therefore...

This thesis presents a three part methodology for analyzing the flow of taxable income in large partnership structures. The method forms the basis for prototypical software which would clarify many complicated basis adjustment issues associated with partnership taxation. Partnerships, the most common form of “flow-through” tax entities, have rapidly increased in size, complexity and economic re...

Chapter Outline Designing Broad-Based Taxes: The Economic Objectives 171 Ability to Pay: Theoretical Considerations 173 Two Preliminary Considerations 173 Horizontal Equity 174 From Horizontal Equity to the Ideal Tax Base 174 The Three Principles of Tax Design 174 People Bear the Tax Burden 174 Individuals Sacrifice Utility 174 The Ideal Tax Base as the Best Surrogate Measure of Utility 175 Hai...

This paper investigates the effects of taxation on income inequality in an unbalanced panel 45 countries sub-Saharan Africa over period 1980–2018. We use instrumental-variable two-stage least squares and quantile regression estimates. find that widens inequality. also show increasing are higher most unequal than countries. Furthermore, we highlight inverse U-shaped relationship between indirect...

This paper estimates the effects of exogenous changes in income and consumption taxes. The tax shocks are proxied with a narrative account liability United Kingdom. Income cuts have large on GDP, private consumption, investment. modest not statistically significant GDP its components. Shifting burden taxation from to is expansionary. Consistent conventional public finance theories, these result...

Tax is the most important sources of revenue for government any country, development country’s economy largely depends on tax structure it has adopted. A Taxation Structure which facilitates easy doing business and having no chance evasion brings prosperity to a economy. However, system that allows discourages ease inhibits expansion nation. As result, taxation big impact how country develops. ...