I commend the authors for undertaking a detailed analysis of the bias produced by indiscriminate adjustments for pretreatment covariates [1]. While I agree with the analysis, I take exception to the authors’ conclusion that “for linear systems, except in some extreme cases, adjusting for all the pretreatment covariates is in fact a reasonable choice.” My reading of the analysis leads to the con...

It is an indisputable fact that the global climate change crisis equally affecting Sub-Saharan Africa. Africa inundated with a lot of environmental problems. These problems include pollution, land degradation, deforestation, desertification, extinction endangered plants and animals’ species, indiscriminate dumping both domestic industrial waste, drought, so forth. Environmental cause great orde...

this study was aimed to identify and mange the most stressful risks threatening shadegan international wetland. shadegan international wetland which is located in the southwest of iran is in the montero list and now threatened by several risks. in this study, the most important threatening risks of the wetland were identified. in the characteristics step, the risks were analyzed based on the se...

This study examined the spatial distribution and risk associated with proliferation indiscriminate establishment of petrol stations in Abeokuta metropolis, Nigeria. All effective parameters risks were identified assessed using Williams–Fine FMEA methods for metropolis while structured questionnaire was administered on respondents near to elicit relevant information. Number existing stations, ro...

The rapid industrial development and agricultural growth and the indiscriminate production of pollutants have faced problems for human societies and the environment. Accumulation and pollution of heavy metals in the environment are the main important problems that as a result of human activities through extraction from ore and processing for various applications has led to the release of these ...