We propose an attribution of collective causal responsibility in a stochastic nonlinear system to individual actors. To this end, we take existing measure from Vallentyne (2008) and Baumgartner (2020), adopt Shapley's (1953) fundamental concept how divide effect into marginal contributions. Our generic setting is with potential regime shift, where actions affect the regime-shift probability. Th...

contee udo do presente relatt orio e de unica responsabilidade do(s) autor(es). The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of the author(s). Abstract This report presents a framework of integrated transaction and session management to meet the requirements of applications based on group work. Transaction management is provided in order to guarantee data consistency and recovery fro...

Studies have shown that complex institutional structures often impede democratic accountability by obscuring 'clarity of responsibility'. As an emerging federal system, the European Union (EU) divides decision-making powers between multiple levels of government. Yet little is known about whether European citizens attribute responsibility accordingly. In other words, do they hold the European Un...

In today’s society, safety from flooding is no longer the sole responsibility of the central government. In recent decades, we have witnessed a governance turn in flood risk management, in which private parties as well as regional and local governmental bodies have a role to play. As a result, the question of how to distribute the responsibilities among the actors involved has become urgent. We...

We are now more or less confronting a "challenge of responsibility" among both undergraduate and postgraduate medical students and some recent alumni from medical schools in Iran. This ethical problem calls for urgent etiologic and pathologic investigations into the problem itself and the issues involved. This study aimed to develop a thematic conceptual framework to study factors that might af...

social security is due to principles of responsibility that determines legal duties and penalizes the refusing from them. for a long time, civil responsibility with compensation for damages which was caused to others was the response to security needs; and the dangers that were included in the scope of civil responsibility were limited to common daily and regular accidents related to natural or...