BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a mediator of renal damage. Melatonin is a potent-free radical scavenger. Our objective was to test whether melatonin would protect against the nephrotoxicity of contrast media. METHODS In an experimental study 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups including: 1) Control group (No drug), 2) Contrast medi...

BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is an important inducer of cell apoptosis and plays a key role in the development of renal inflammation. The prostate apoptosis response factor-4 (Par-4) gene was originally identified in prostate cells undergoing apoptosis. Subsequently, Par-4 was found to possess potent pro-apoptotic activity in various cellular systems. However, it remains unclear whether Par-4 is...

In mice with cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury, administration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) restores renal tubular structure and improves renal function, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we examined the process of kidney cell repair in co-culture experiments with MSC and cisplatin-injured proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC). Exposure of PTEC to cisp...

The kidney plays a primary role in maintaining homeostasis and detoxification of numerous hydrophilic xenobiotics as well as endogenous compounds. Because the kidney is exposed to a larger proportion and higher concentration of drugs and toxins than other organs through the secretion of ionic drugs by tubular organic ion transporters across the luminal membranes of renal tubular epithelial cell...

The severity of renal injury induced by several graded doses of mercuric chloride and the disposition of mercury were evaluated and compared in control, uninephrectomized (50% NPX), and 75% nephrectomized (75% NPX) rats in an attempt to determine the effect of increased reductions of renal mass on the nephropathy induced by inorganic mercury. Consistent with previously published findings, proxi...

Hypoxic environments at high altitude have significant effects on kidney injury. Following injury, renal primary cilia display length alterations. Primary cilia are mechanosensory organelles that regulate tubular architecture. The effect of hypoxia on cilia length is still controversial in cultured cells, and no corresponding in vivo study exists. Using fetal and adult sheep, we here study the ...

Misseri, R., D. R. Meldrum, C. A. Dinarello, P. Dagher, K. L. Hile, R. C. Rink, and K. K. Meldrum. TNFmediates obstructioninduced renal tubular cell apoptosis and proapoptotic signaling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 288: F406–F411, 2005. First published October 26, 2004; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00099.2004.—Obstruction of the upper urinary tract induces a progressive loss in renal mass through apopto...

We describe a case of 68-year-old Japanese man with HIV-1 infection who developed acute kidney injury with prominent tubular dysfunction immediately after starting tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy. Antiretroviral therapy was discontinued in two weeks but renal function, as well as tubular function, did not shown full recovery even at a 3-year follow-up examination. Acute tubular necr...

The activation of innate immunity via myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) contributes to ischemia reperfusion (I/R) induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney injury. However, since there have not yet been any effective therapy, the exact pharmacological role of MyD88 in the prevention and treatment of renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is not known. We designed a small mol...

Cisplatin is a classic chemotherapeutic agent widely used to treat different types of cancers including ovarian, head and neck, testicular and uterine cervical carcinomas. However, cisplatin induces acute kidney injury by directly triggering an excessive inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and programmed cell death of renal tubular epithelial cells, all of which lead to high mortality rate...