People often behave as if category members share an essence, and essentialising a category in this way promotes inductive inference. Although natural kind categories have been predominantly studied, some social categories are essentialised and here we consider the inductive potential of religion categories for children in Northern Ireland. We asked seven-, nineand eleven-year olds in Catholic-m...

Previous research suggests that preschool children expect members of social groups to share stable, inherent characteristics (e.g., Waxman, 2013). Here we explored the origins of these social-group based inferences by examining whether infants generalize food preferences across members of an arbitrary social group. Experiment 1 demonstrated that infants expected two individuals to share food pr...

This paper proposes an argument-based semantics for combined epistemic and practical reasoning, taking seriously the idea that in certain contexts epistemic reasoning is sceptical while practical reasoning is credulous. The new semantics combines grounded and preferred semantics. A dialectical proof theory is defined which is sound and complete with respect to this semantics and which combines ...

4

B.K.Matilal, and earlier J.F.Staal, have suggested a reading of the ‘Nyāya five limb schema’ (also sometimes referred to as the Indian Schema or Hindu Syllogism) from Gotama’s Nyāya-Sūtra in terms of a binary occurrence relation. In this paper we provide a rational justification of a version of this reading as Analogical Reasoning within the framework of Polyadic Pure Inductive Logic.