The main purpose of this study is to illustrate, with simple trade theory, the relationship between competing industrial standards and trade liberalization. We assume that there are two competing industrial standards in an international context, each of which consists of di¤erentiated products. A product can be used only in combination with other products based on the same industrial standard. ...

facultative heterofermentative lactobacilli (fhl) are responsible for enhancing unique flavour properties in traditional dairy products such as lighvan cheese through biochemical mechanisms. in addition to saving domestic genetic resources, industrial production of semi-traditional dairy products is one of the major objectives of non starter microflora identification in indigenous dairy product...

This paper highlights challenges in industrial research related to translating research in natural language processing into commercial products. While the interest in natural language processing from industry is significant, the transfer of research to commercial products is non-trivial and its challenges are often unknown to or underestimated by many researchers. I discuss current obstacles an...

Biorefineries combine necessary technologies between biogenic raw material and the industrial intermediates and final products. The paper represents the providing code-defined basic substances (via fractionation for the development of industrially relevant product family trees). The main focus is directed on precursor-containing biomass with preference of the carbohydrate line, in particulary o...

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Laboratory scale studies were conducted to investigate the feasibility of Industrial by-products as potential alternative medium to conventional gravel in the drainage layer of leachate collection system as permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) for landfill leachate treatment. Industrial by-products were used to treat effectively the landfill leachate, which is an innovative in-situ remediation te...

In the current competitive world, industrial companies seek to manufacture products of higher quality which can be achieved by increasing reliability, maintainability and thus the availability of products. On the other hand, improvement in products lifecycle is necessary for achieving high reliability. Typically, maintenance activities are aimed to reduce failures of industrial machinery and mi...

Crude glycerol that is produced as the by-product from biodiesel, has to be effectively utilized to contribute to the viability of biodiesel. Crude glycerol in large amounts can pose a threat to the environment. Therefore, there is a need to convert this crude glycerol into valued added products using biotechnological processes, which brings new revenue to biodiesel producers. Crude glycerol ca...

This study presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between industrial timberland ownership and financial performance of forest products companies in the United States. Based on the structure-conduct-performance model of the industrial organization theory, we develop and estimate a three-stage least squares model system that links timberland ownership with performance. Our results sho...

Many Germans look back to the 1970s as a highpoint in their nation’s industrial development. The hallmark “Made in Germany” then signaled not only well-made products, but also a highly efficient industrial system. German industry was recognized internationally as a model of high achievement; the country’s engineering, automotive and chemical industries were at the forefront of technology; and G...