Membrane-based technologies have increasingly been chosen in desalination processes, which is evidenced by the increase of large-scale plants constructed in recent years. Indeed, several appropriate strategies should be considered to minimize problems faced during the construction, such as membrane system designs, area requirement, energy requirement, operation and maintenance, and environmenta...

In the course of energy transition, storage technologies are required for fluctuating and intermittently occurring electrical energy. The vanadium flow battery (VFB) is an especially promising electrochemical type megawatt applications due to its unique characteristics. This work intended as a benchmark evaluation environmental impacts VFB, providing transparency traceability. It considers requ...