OBJECTIVE To describe the waste produced by and environmental implications of individual cigarette consumption (filter tips, packages, and cartons) and tobacco manufacturing. STUDY SELECTION All available articles and reports published since 1970 related to cigarette consumption and production waste were reviewed. DATA SOURCES Global cigarette consumption data were used to estimate cigarett...

Construction waste is considered as a major contributor of solid wastes in municipal landfills. Construction, renovation, and demolition (CRD) waste generated by the Canadian construction industry accounts for 27% of total municipal solid waste disposed in landfills. However, many researchers stated that 75% of what the construction industry generates as waste has a residual value and therefore...

Objective—To describe the waste produced by and environmental implications of individual cigarette consumption (filter tips, packages, and cartons) and tobacco manufacturing. Study selection—All available articles and reports published since 1970 related to cigarette consumption and production waste were reviewed. Data sources—Global cigarette consumption data were used to estimate cigarette bu...

By-product and waste streams from the food industry could be regarded as ideal renewable feedstocks for the production of value-added products. The utilisation of food processing wastes could lead to the development of a sustainable chemical industry and a food industry that will cause less environmental concerns. This will be achieved via simultaneous substitution of fossil raw materials and r...

This paper starts from the premise that radioactive material, generated as a by-product of the British nuclear industry, already exists in significant quantity. The question of what should be done with this material therefore needs to be answered, even if no more of it is created. Whether the industry should continue producing radioactive waste is a legitimate question, and one which raises sig...

In the continuing transformation of U.S. agriculture, North Carolina finds itself on the front edge of change. Between 1989 and 1998, the number of hogs in the state's pork industry quintupled---and so has the amount of hog waste that must be disposed of. Now the state has engaged private and public resources in a rapid search for better ways for handling hog waste. A technology review panel ha...

The Japanese automotive industry is based around principles of “lean thinking”, and attaches great importance to reducing waste and focusing on those activities which add value for the customer. There has recently been interest in applying similar principles in service industry environments, including communications providers. This paper discusses the application of lean principles to BT, and d...

The sugarcane industry generates huge amounts of sugarcane bagasse ashes (SCBA). This work investigates the incorporation of a SCBA waste as an alternative raw material into a clay body, replacing natural clay material by up to 20 wt.%. Clay ceramic pieces were produced by uniaxial pressing and fired at temperatures varying from 700 to 1100 oC. The technological properties of the clay ceramic p...

Waste material from the fishing industry disposed off-shore exceeds 250 billion tons/year, and it is considered hazardous due to its high perishability and polluting effect, both on land and sea. Considering the actual production of chitin, chitosan and oligosaccharides from crustaceons, it is understandable how difficult it is to eliminate all the waste material obtained from food industry, th...