Anemia in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a prototype of a combination of iron deficiency and anemia of inflammation (i.e. anemia of chronic disease; ACD) which is caused by negative effects of an activated immune system at different levels of erythropoiesis. Besides iron deficiency and ACD, metabolic disturbances and vitamin deficiencies as well as commonly used IBD drugs can aggravate ane...

Musculoskeletal deficits are among the most commonly reported extra-intestinal manifestations and complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially in those with Crohn’s disease. The adverse effects IBD on bone muscle multifactorial, including direct underlying processes, nutritional deficits, therapeutic effects. These factors also indirectly impact by interfering regulatory pathwa...

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY INTESTINAL DISORDER ENCOMPASSING TWO MAJOR ENTITIES: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Intestinal inflammatory processes reduce the absorption of sodium, chloride and calcium, while they increase potassium secretion. In addition, mild to severe metabolic alkalosis may occur in IBD patients, mainly depending on the severity of the ...

INTRODUCTION Although the etiology of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) has yet to be fully elucidated, it appears to involve a complex interaction between poorly defined environmental and genetically determined factors regulating mucosal tolerance to intestinal microflora. Historically IBD was classified as a psychosomatic disorder with early st...

This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which will grow in prevalence as the population ages. Prognosis of late-onset ulcerative colitis (UC) is generally similar to that of early-onset UC, whereas in Crohn disease it is probably better because of a tendency for colonic involvement. Disease complica...

Abstract Background Sleep disturbances affect 40-50% of patients with Crohn’s Disease and are associated disease flares. Symptoms, treatment side effects pro-inflammatory status have been shown to an effect on sleep quality duration. Vitamin D deficiency affects between 18% 70% inflammatory bowel (IBD) is independently lower Health Related Quality Life greater activity. Our primary aim was asse...

Background Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which clinically present as one of two disorders, Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The CD23 is a multifunctional molecule expressed on various cells. It is know as the low-affinity receptor for the Fc portion of IgE. It expression at the cell surface of phagocytic cells...

INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a relapsingremitting immune disorder of unknown aetiology that afflicts millions of individuals throughout the world with debilitating symptoms, which impair ability to work and quality of life. The major phenotypes of IBD are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Historically, IBD was recognised as a major health complication in deve...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract associated with significant morbidity. While IBD occurs in genetically susceptible individuals, the etiology is multifactorial, involving environmental influences, intestinal dysbiosis, and altered immune responses. The rising incidence of IBD in industrialized countries and the emergence...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains a topic of ongoing research given its prevalence, yet the pathogenesis and all clinical manifestations of the disease remain poorly understood. Giant inflammatory polyposis is one of the clinical manifestations of IBD that has rarely been described to the best of our knowledge. This is a recognized clinical entity, however, only a limited number of IBD a...