Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Both diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestines. The advances in understanding the inflammatory process improved the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The systemic complications of inflammatory bowel disease involve several organs included the eyes. The incidence of eye complicatio...

It has recently been recognized that pathology of age-associated degenerative eye diseases such as adult macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, have strong immunological underpinnings. Attempts have been made to extrapolate to age-related degenerative disease insights from inflammatory processes associated with non-infectious uveitis, but these have not yet been sufficie...

T o our knowledge, 3 reports in the literature document the presence of uveitis in patients with granuloma annulare (GA) (Table). Oz et al first reported this association in a 51-year-old woman with anterior uveitis, an inflammatory disease of the iris and ciliary body. Rahimi and Moinfar later reported a similar case of anterior uveitis and biopsy-proven GA. Resolution of both skin and ocular ...

Introduction: Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that primarily affects exocrine glands. Most commonly presents with dryness the mouth and eyes, but it can also affect major organs systems body increase risk non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Due to non-specific symptoms pose diagnostic challenges lack standardized screening tools classification...

PURPOSE Dry eye syndrome is one of the most common pathological manifestations in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). When dry eye occurs in association with cGVHD, the local inflammation is secondary to the systemic onset of inflammation. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling is thought to be essential for the inflammatory response and for immune disorders. The aim of this...

To review the current treatment of chronic dry eye syndrome, focusing on cyclosporine A (CsA), a systematic literature search was performed using PubMed databases in two steps. The first step was oriented to articles published for dry eye. The second step was focused on the use of CsA in dry eye. A manual literature search was also undertaken based on citations in the published articles. The kn...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared as worldwide pandemic. The most common symptoms are fever, fatigue, flu-like syndrome and accompanied by respiratory distress. About 10% of patients with COVID-19 in the acute phase show manifestations eye, especially retina. activity cell surface enzyme protein angiotensin-converting 2 (ACE2) is believed underlying clinical eye. This study ...

Acute retinal necrosis syndrome (ARNS) is a herpetic infectious eye disease that presents clinicians with difficult decisions to make about the indication and timing of surgical intervention. Here I report 2 patients who underwent prophylactic and early vitrectomy with good visual outcomes. Case 1, a 72-year-old man, had a second recurrence of ARNS in the left eye in 2011 and underwent early vi...