Family and friends who provide unpaid care to an individual with a disease or disability (known as informal caregivers) experience numerous threats to their physical health as a result of providing care. In spite of evidence that participation in physical and leisure activities can be health promoting, informal caregivers have reported diminished or completely absent leisure participation. Hath...

Why do people give? Social scientists have long been interested in the motives behind individual charitable giving. However, few studies have looked at the effects of social context on charitable activity, particularly in a cross-national context. This chapter uses multilevel modeling techniques to examine the effects of national context on membership in charitable and humanitarian organization...

Older adults have been shown to avoid negative and prefer positive information to a higher extent than younger adults. This positivity bias influences their information processing as well as decision-making. We investigate age-related positivity bias in charitable giving in two studies. In Study 1 we examine motivational factors in monetary donations, while Study 2 focuses on the emotional effe...

Abstract To address the lacuna of how informal institutions like Buddhism impact social entrepreneurship in different regions within a nation, this research draws on literature and regional Buddhist to propose mediating framework where percentage entrepreneurs region is positively associated both with level prosocial behaviors such as charity, due values Buddhism, probability establishing busin...

a r t i c l e i n f o The decentralization of resource property rights has become an increasingly popular policy in many natural resource-dependent communities of the developing world. However, the success of this policy approach depends on both collective action and institutionalization. It is therefore important to evaluate collective action and insti-tutionalization where the process of prop...

Informal and Formal Care in Europe Government expenditure on formal residential care and home-help services for the elderly significantly reduces 45-59 year old women’s informal care-giving affecting both the extensive and the intensive margin. Allowing for country fixed-effects and country-specific trends and correcting for attrition, the estimates – based on the European Community Household P...

charitable activities, as a social issue have been considered a routine by benevolent people. in iran, this has been traced in old days, before accepting islam as an official religion by the people and the state.qajars1 period, as the author says, has left deep effects on setting up charities. ac­cording to charitable acts and its status in rasht, she has studied significant factors, influencin...

This paper presents the results from a study on issues for sociability and usability for legitimate peripheral participation in online communities. Informal learning is considered to occur within the individual in a selforganized way and within the community as consensus knowledge building. A catalogue for usability and sociability evaluation criteria was developed, in order to identify the two...

This paper investigates the state of programmed informal learning (e.g., team competitions, internships) in engineering education, the relevant research and available assessment instruments. Our purpose is to synthesize the existing informal learning research in engineering education for the engineering community, which should subsequently lead to the development of improved programs and learni...

Women represent the majority of informal sector workers in developing countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa where adolescent pregnancy rates are high. Little empirical evidence exists concerning the relationship between teen fertility and the likelihood that a woman will be employed in the informal sector. Using a panel survey in Madagascar designed to capture the transition from adolesce...