ICT Infrastructure is a key ingredient for efficient Information and Communication Technology. Information and Communication Technology plays an important role in rapid development and good governance. E-Government means the use of ICT tools and technology to provide e-services with the help of ICT infrastructure including hardware, software, network and communication channels. This study has b...

Smart local energy systems (SLES) have been reported in the past decade, which are associated with diverse carriers, components and objectives. This paper provides a comprehensive review of information communications technology (ICT) infrastructure SLES. A systematic survey existing research work industrial projects was provided to highlight, categorise analyse ICT infrastructure, lays foundati...

extended abstractintroductiontoday is the world of information and its optimal uses (davies, 2003). information, doubtless, as the most important tools for managers and executive decision-makerscan play a significant role in solving the problems and meeting the needs (warnest, 2005). spatial data are discussed as one of the most sensitive and important factors in decision-making and planning in...