High turbulence at the liquid steel−mold flux interface results in mold entrapments, which can generate nonmetallic inclusions during ingot‐casting process. Those are detrimental to final steel quality. The teeming process ingot casting is typically conducted using uphill method. authors propose a novel alternative method side process, decreases free surface. To define optimum operational condi...

A three-phase model for mixed columnar-equiaxed solidification was recently developed. The most critical features, necessary for modelling the macrosegregation, were considered: the progressive growth of the columnar dendrite trunks from the ingot surface, the nucleation and growth of the equiaxed crystals including the motion of the equiaxed crystals, the thermal and solutal buoyancy flow and ...

An analysis of the crystallographic orientation of polycristalline silicon ingots, obtained by a directional solidification in carbon crucible according to Bridgman method using no seed crystal, is described. The grain growth, in alignment with the higher temperature gradient, produces different crystallized zones in the ingot : an axially columnar structure in the middle and a radial dentritic...

Imaging the band-to-band photoluminescence of silicon wafers is known to provide rapid and high-resolution images of the carrier lifetime. Here, we show that such photoluminescence images, taken before and after dissociation of iron-boron pairs, allow an accurate image of the interstitial iron concentration across a boron-doped p-type silicon wafer to be generated. Such iron images can be obtai...

In both continuous casting of steel slabs and direct chill (DC) casting of aluminum alloy ingots, water is used to cool the mold in the initial stages of solidification, and then below the mold, where it is in direct contact with the newly solidified surface of the metal. Water cooling affects the product quality by (1) controlling the heat removal rate that creates and cools the solid shell an...

In this paper, the effect of solidification pressure on dendrite structure and characteristics carbides in H13 die steel ingot was investigated by experimental calculational methods. Based cooling rate, a formula is proposed to calculate secondary arm spacing: λ2 = 71.45 × R−0.37. It applicable when maximum value around 2 MPa rate between 0.5 3 K/s. With increasing from 0.1 MPa, effects segrega...