Finite-element analysis was used to study the general differences in load-transfer mechanisms and stress patterns of cemented, fully ingrown, proximally ingrown, and smooth press-fitted femoral stems in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Identical stems were used for the noncemented configurations and a similar stem shape for the cemented configurations. In each model, bone properties and loading ch...

BACKGROUND Ingrown toe nail is common problem presenting to the surgeon. Partial Nail avulsion only results in recurrence of the ingrown toe nail. The aim of this study was too see the effect of phenolization in preventing recurrence after partial nail avulsion. METHODS This was a randomized controlled trial carried out at Department of Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamab...

BACKGROUND We wanted to evaluate whether partial matrix excision and orthonyxia are equally effective in the treatment of ingrown toenails of the hallux. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a prospective randomized clinical trial with 12-month observer-blinded followup, in the surgical outpatient department of a teaching hospital. We randomized 105 consecutive patients with a total of 109 ingrown toena...

Numerous studies have quantified total cotinine (the sum of cotinine and cotinine-N-glucuronide) and total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol [NNAL; the sum of NNAL and its O- and N-glucuronides (NNAL-Glucs)] in the urine and blood of smokers, smokeless tobacco users, and nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Analysis of hair and nails has several advantages over blood a...

The objective of this US study was to assess the association of toenail nicotine level as a novel biomarker with lung cancer risk independent of reported smoking history. A nested case-control study of 210 male lung cancer cases and 630 matched controls aged 40-75 years participating in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study was conducted. Toenail samples collected in 1987 were analyzed for n...

Pharmacokinetic data from a randomized, parallel-group, multicenter study are presented. Adults with toenail onychomycosis (n = 146) received posaconazole (100 mg, 200 mg, or 400 mg) once daily (QD) for 24 weeks or 400 mg QD for 12 weeks. The posaconazole concentration in the great toenail exhibited a dose-related increase starting at week 2 for 24 weeks and a mean toenail-to-plasma concentrati...

BACKGROUND Limited data exist on the contribution of dietary sources of arsenic to an individual's total exposure, particularly in populations with exposure via drinking water. Here, the association between diet and toenail arsenic concentrations (a long-term biomarker of exposure) was evaluated for individuals with measured household tap water arsenic. Foods known to be high in arsenic, includ...