The dispersal of seagrasses is important to promoting the resilience and long-term survival of populations. Most of the research on long-distance dispersal to date has focused on sexual propagules while the dispersal of vegetative fragments has been largely overlooked, despite the important role this mechanism might play. In this study, we proposed a conceptual model that categorizes vegetative...

Electricity markets face a substantial amount of uncertainty. While traditionally this uncertainty has been due to varying demand, with the integration of larger proportions of volatile renewable energy, added uncertainty from generation must also be faced. Conventional electricity market designs cope with uncertainty by running two markets: a market that is cleared ahead of time, followed by a...

Larval settlement of a small coral-reef fish, the bridled goby (Coryphopterus glaucofraenum), to five entire reefs over 4 yr decreased with increasing cover of hard substrate (rock and coral). Experimentally increasing rock cover on these large reefs caused a reduction in settlement that lasted 3 yr, confirming that settling coral-reef fish discriminate among sites at the mesoscale (hundreds of...

Exchanges and other trading platforms are often vertically integrated to carry out trading, clearing and settlement as one operation. We show that such vertical silos can prevent efficiency gains from horizontal consolidation of trading and settlement platforms to be realized. Independent of the gains from such consolidation, when costs of settlement are private information, there is no mechani...

The cross-border securities settlement in Europe is still said to be highly inefficient. One main reason can be seen in technical barriers between the different domestic settlement systems. Beside efforts to implement industryspecific communication standards an integration of the different settlement systems is necessary. The CSD-link model, the hub and spokes model, and the European CSD model ...

We investigate the role of settlement in a dynamic model of a payment system where the ability of participants to perform certain welfare-improving transactions is subject to random and unobservable shocks. In the absence of settlement, the full information first-best allocation cannot be supported due to incentive constraints. In contrast, this allocation is supportable if settlement is introd...

Hydroides elegans is a major fouling organism in tropical waters around the world, including Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. To determine the importance of initial surface characteristics on biofilm community composition and subsequent colonization by larvae of H. elegans, the settlement and recruitment of larvae to biofilmed surfaces with six different initial surface wettabilities were tested in Pearl ...

Hokkaido-a northern island of Japan that was settled by ethnic Japanese during the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century-may remain to be a hybrid of interdependent culture of the mainland Japan and independent culture associated with frontier settlement. We thus anticipated that contemporary Hokkaido residents would exhibit either independent or interdependent psychological p...

The global mussel aquaculture industry uses specialised spat catching and nursery culture ropes made of multi-filament synthetic and natural fibres to optimise settlement and retention of mussels for on-growing. However, the settlement ecology and preferences of mussels are poorly understood and only sparse information exists in a commercial context. This study quantified the settlement prefere...

A static and a dynamic analysis model are separately established using ABAQUS finite element program to study the mechanical properties of track structure and running stability and safety of the vehicle under the condition that uneven settlement of bridge piers exists. The static model is aimed at studying the effects caused by uneven settlement alone and the dynamic one is for the effects indu...