We examined the effect of turbidity (0.5-14 beam attenuation m(-1)) and predator attack speed (150 and 296 cm s(-1)) on escape responses of juvenile cod Gadus morhua in the laboratory. We triggered escape responses using a predator model and measured escape timing, direction and locomotor performance. We also measured responsiveness and estimated the likelihood of fish escaping the ;predator at...

Mobile particles play crucial roles for contaminant transport in karst aquifers, but few studies have investigated the relationships between sediment dynamics and contaminants. This is partly due to the diffi culty in monitoring suspended particles: Turbidity is easy to measure but does not deliver detailed information on the size and type of particles; mineralogical laboratory analyses are lab...

Rapid detection of chemical contamination in the distribution system is essential in protecting public health, and using water quality surrogates to signal a contamination event offers the advantage of detecting a large number of chemicals. The concern over using surrogate parameters is whether they offer the ability to detect contaminants at concentrations low enough to prevent serious illness...

Our previous studies of Streptococcus faecalis 9790 have shown that the depletion of an essential amino acid from a highly buffered synthetic medium corresponds to the end of the exponential growth phase (log phase) (2, 3). The end of the log phase is followed by further turbidity changes that are characteristic for the particular amino acid studied. The exhaustion of valine is followed by a sl...

the continuous filter is a kind of sand filter, which will operate without any interruptions for backwashing and also it accepts high-suspended solid levels in feed stream. fouled sand is continuously removed from the filter bed, washed and recycled back without interruption with filtration process. various samples of water with certain amounts of turbidity enter through a feed pipe and being d...

in the current study, the efficiency of starch and plantago ovata extract as coagulant aids is compared in water turbidity removal. the coagulant is ferric chloride and the experiments are run in two ranges of ph 7 and 8. the achieved results of turbidity removal in different turbidity levels of 100, 50 and 20 ntu caused by different concentrations of starch and p.ovata as coagulant aids besid...

the conditions for the refinement of clarified sugarcane juice, including temperature (50o, 60o and 70oc) and pressure (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 bars) by micro-filtration membrane technology were investigated. the raw sugarcane juice was initially pre-filtrated with lime and then the juice obtained (clarified juice) processed using a ceramic micro-filter mem-brane (0.2 micrometer). the characteristics...

BACKGROUND Water filtration units have been faced problems in water turbidity removal related to their media, which is determined by qualitative indices. Moreover, Current qualitative indices such as turbidity and escaping particle number could not precisely determine the efficiency of the media in water filtration, so defining new indices is essential. In this study, the efficiency of Anthraci...