Gene transfer to vein grafts has therapeutic potential to prevent late graft failure; however, certain issues, including efficacy and safety, have hindered the clinical application of this treatment modality. Here, we report the successful and efficient gene transfer of plasmid DNA via ex vivo electroporation into veins as well as into vein grafts. Two approaches were used: one involved translu...

peace accords signed between 1988 and 1998, thirty-one failed to last more than three years.1 Contributing to their failure was the behavior of so-called spoilers: those who use violence or other means to undermine negotiations in the expectation that a settlement will threaten their power or interests.2 The stakes for understanding spoiler behavior are high. Where parties kept spoilers at bay,...

Solid-state chemistry of cluster compounds with metals in the left part of the periodic table is described. As a function of the metal valence electron concentration (VEC), characteristic changes occur with stepwise changing features. Strongly metal-metal-bonded and ligand-encapsulated clusters exist for large values of VEC. At decreased values, endohedral atoms stabilize the clusters, and with...

Tarski’s definition of logical consequence for an interpreted language rests on the distinction between extra-logical symbols, whose interpretation is allowed to vary across models, and logical symbols, aka logical constants, whose interpretation remains fixed. In this perspective, logicality come first, and consequence is a byproduct of the division between logical and extra-logical symbols. O...

We present an approach for change-based (as opposed to state-based) model persistence that can facilitate highperformance incremental model processing (e.g. validation, transformation) by minimising the cost of change identification when models evolve. We illustrate a prototype that implements the proposed approach on top of the Eclipse Modelling Framework and we present a roadmap for further w...

For patients with extensive burns, wound coverage with an autologous in vitro reconstructed skin made of both dermis and epidermis should be the best alternative to split-thickness graft. Unfortunately, various obstacles have delayed the widespread use of composite skin substitutes. Insufficient vascularization has been proposed as the most likely reason for their unreliable survival. Our purpo...

Morphological segmentation has traditionally been modeled with non-hierarchical models, which yield flat segmentations as output. In many cases, however, proper morphological analysis requires hierarchical structure— especially in the case of derivational morphology. In this work, we introduce a discriminative joint model of morphological segmentation along with the orthographic changes that oc...

Philosophy is often conceived in the Anglophone world today as a subject that focuses on questions in particular ‘‘core areas,’’ pre-eminently epistemology and metaphysics. This article argues that the contemporary conception is a new version of the scholastic ‘‘self-indulgence for the few’’ of which Dewey complained nearly a century ago. Philosophical questions evolve, and a first task for phi...

We introduce a novel concept of an inside-out (or inverse) cloak for electromagnetic waves based on the coordinate transformation of Maxwell's equations. This concept can be employed for creating absorbing non-reflecting media as matching layers in numerical simulations. In contrast to the commonly used perfectly matched layers, such absorbing boundaries are characterized by physically meaningf...