For two decades, software inspections have proven effective for detecting defects in software. We have reviewed the different ways sofhyare inspections are done, created a taxonomy of inspection methods, and examined claims about the cost-effectiveness of different methods. We detect a disturbingpattem in the evaluation of inspection methods. Although there is near universal agreement on the ef...

Sewer degradation is mainly a stochastic process. The future condition of sewers can be predicted with models based on condition states. In The Netherlands, the ‘SPIRIT’ model is being developed which combines expert opinion and visual inspections to predict sewer degradation. The statistical method implemented in this model is based on Bayesian statistics. The likelihood function of condition ...

Allocating inspection resources over a diverse set of imports to prevent entry of plant pests and pathogens presents a substantial policy design challenge. We model inspections of live plant imports and producer responses to inspections using a “state-dependent” monitoring and enforcement model. We capture exporter abatement response to a set of feasible inspection policies from the regulator. ...

Introduction Software inspection is an industry-proven process for eliminating defects and reducing development costs in complex systems. Software inspections can identify and eliminate approximately 80 percent of all software defects during development. When inspections are combined with normal testing practices, defects in fielded software can be reduced by a factor of 10. By reducing the amo...

1. ABSTRACT This paper will focus on changes to the implementation of road safety inspections in Ireland following the requirement, under EU Directive 2008/96/EC on Road Infrastructure Safety Management (2008), for the establishment of periodic road safety inspections (RSI) of existing roads, along with safety impact assessments, high accident concentration ranking and road safety audits (RSA)....

Although inspections in early development phases are more costeffective than other defect removal activities, inspection tools in general support only text documents and thus are appropriate only for code inspections. The paper presents a new tool which supports inspection of all documents presented in PostScript form by means of a rulechecklist structure which guides the inspector through the ...

Inspection is one of the most common sorts of review practices in software projects. However, there are some controversial reports about the efficiencies of software inspections. In this paper, we perform an empirical study to analyze the efficiencies of code inspections in both software development and software maintenance. The study is performed on 650 NASA SEL inspection records. Similar res...

A big power is facing a small power that may have developed weapons of mass destruction. The small power can create strategic ambiguity by refusing arms inspections. We study the impact of strategic ambiguity on arms proliferation and welfare. Strategic ambiguity is a substitute for actually acquiring weapons: ambiguity reduces the incentive for the small power to invest in weapons, which reduc...

We reported a typical brucellosis, which was diagnosed as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Although some tumor markers (CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, CA19-9) in the patient's serum were elevated, carcinomas were excluded by a variety of inspections including bone marrow aspirations, ultrasound examinations, and whole-body PET-CT scans. It was concluded that serum tumor markers are considered me...