The dose-response relationship between elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels and impaired insulin-mediated glucose disposal and insulin signaling was examined in 21 lean, healthy, normal glucose-tolerant subjects. Following a 4-h saline or Liposyn infusion at 30 (n = 9), 60 (n = 6), and 90 (n = 6) ml/h, subjects received a 2-h euglycemic insulin (40 mU . m(-2) . min(-1)) clamp. Basal pla...

We have studied the short term regulation of insulin receptors by serially measuring insulin binding to erythrocytes during 5 h of infusions of glucose and insulin. Two infusion protocols were employed: (1) Hyperinsulinemic study. Subjects were infused with insulin (80 mU/min) to induce sustained hyperinsulinemia, while euglycemia was approximated by infusion of glucose (8 mg/kg/min). (2) Hyper...

The hepatoportal region is important for glucose sensing; however, the relationship between the hepatoportal glucose-sensing system and the postprandial rapid phase of the insulin response has been unclear. We examined whether a rapid-phase insulin response to low amounts of intraportal glucose infusion would occur, compared that with the response to intrajugular glucose infusion in conscious r...

1. Twenty-four patients were studied at around 7 days after musculoskeletal injuries in order to define the nature of the impairment of sensitivity to insulin. Insulin was infused at 6, 35, 200 or 1200 m-units min-1 m-2 for 2 h and the plasma glucose concentration was 'clamped' at 5 mmol/l. Forearm (uninjured) glucose extraction and blood flow were measured, and whole-body substrate oxidation a...

Starvation and experimental diabetes induce a stable increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) activity in skeletal muscle, which is largely due to a selective upregulation of PDK-4 expression. Increased free fatty acid (FFA) level has been suggested to be responsible for the upregulation. Because these metabolic states are also characterized by insulin deficiency, the present study was d...

A study was performed to examine the feasibility of achieving long periods of near-normoglycaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus by giving a continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin solution from a miniature, battery-driven, syringe pump. Twelve insulin-dependent diabetics had their insulin pumped through a subcutaneously implanted, fine nylon cannula; the basal infusion rate was electro...

The effect of adrenodemedullation (ADMX) on insulin action was examined in anesthetized rats by means of a three-step euglycemic clamp procedure (insulin infusion rate: 0, 6.0 and 30.0 mU•kgBW-1•min-1) combined with a microdialysis technique in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. The dialysate lactate levels in the above tissues increased in parallel with the plasma lactate levels during the se...

The question is, is insulin absorption after subcutaneous (SC) injection of a prandial insulin/insulin analog prior to a meal comparable to that of infusion of the same insulin dose as a bolus via an insulin pump? You might say, this is easy; let us check what published studies tell us about this topic. A search in PubMed using search terms, “injection infusion insulin subcutaneous pharmacokine...

This twelve-week, European, multicenter, controlled, open-label, randomized (1 : 1), parallel-group trial compared the safety of insulin glulisine with insulin as part used in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Patients with type 1 diabetes (n=59) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion experience (mean values: HbA1c 6.9 % [insulin glulisine: 6.8 % VS. insulin as part: 7.1 %]; age 4...

Propionate (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 mumol.kg BW-1.min-1 for 30 min) was infused into the femoral and mesenteric veins of adult sheep to investigate the physiological significance of propionate in regulating plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations. The increments in arterial blood propionate concentrations during propionate infusion increased (P < .001) with increasing infusion rates for b...