In the past few years, policymakers, academic commentators, consumer advocates, civil liberties groups, and user communities have expressed grave concerns about the steadily increasing levels of enforcement of intellectual property rights. Taking note of these concerns, this Occasional Paper brings together two recently published essays discussing the ongoing efforts to strengthen intellectual ...

Virtual reality did not spring, like Athena from the forehead of Zeus, full-blown from the mind of William Gibson. It has encoded within it a complex history of technological innovations, conceptual developments, and metaphorical linkages that are crucially important in determining how it will develop and what it is taken to signify. This essay explores that history by focusing on certain devel...

This paper argues that there is a substantial overlap between the history of immunology and the history of molecular biology, an overlap manifested in the researches on antibodies during the 1930s and 1940s. This common ground is a product of intellectual developments, as well as institutional trends. Viewed from an intellectual vantage point of the 1930s and 1940s, molecular biology was essent...

[Purpose] Rett syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disease; individuals typically have no verbal skills or purposeful hand movements. In clinical settings, knowledge of their interests would be helpful for therapy. Therefore, we investigated the interests of Rett syndrome patients. [Subjects and Methods] In 2016, we sent a questionnaire regarding the interests of individuals with Rett syndr...

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore the experiences of family carers in the delivery of invasive clinical interventions within community settings. BACKGROUND Many young people with intellectual disabilities present with complex health needs and require clinical interventions to sustain life. As the population lives into older age there is growing demand for the delivery of these interventions with...

In recent years, intellectual property in medicine has generated much debate, becoming one of the most significant issues in modern day medical ethics and linking in with wider discussions about the commercialisation of medicine and the commodification of the human body. Recent high-profile cases in the USA have centred on gene patenting, that having been enthusiastically practised by universit...

The editors introduce the special issue by offering a contextualisation for approaching both 'narrative' and intersection of 'old age gender' at this present moment, consideration implications intervention with reference to intellectual methodological developments within studies. They also reflect on value multi-disciplinary approach consider significance intersectionality analysing age, ageing...

A recent conference at the University of Hong Kong just prior to the December 2005 World Trade Organization (WTO) talks renewed attention on the WTO's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), in particular in relation to China. Here we provide an introduction to TRIPS, discuss compulsory licensing, and take two angles to view how TRIPS affects the supply and d...