In France, in the peri-urban context, urban sprawl dynamics are particularly strong with huge population growth as well as a land crisis. The increase and spreading of built-up areas from the city centre towards the periphery takes place to the detriment of natural and agricultural spaces. The conversion of land with agricultural potential is all the more worrying as it is usually irreversible....

Primate visual cortex is hierarchically organized. Bottom-up and top-down influences are exerted through distinct frequency channels, as was recently revealed in macaques by correlating inter-areal influences with laminar anatomical projection patterns. Because this anatomical data cannot be obtained in human subjects, we selected seven homologous macaque and human visual areas, and we correlat...

The manner in which patches are delineated in spatially realistic metapopulation models will influence the size, connectivity, and extinction and recolonization dynamics of those patches. Most commonly used patch-definition methods focus on identifying discrete, contiguous patches of habitat from a single temporal observation of species occurrence or from a model of habitat suitability. However...

in previous editorials[1,2] we explained about available fields of inter-disciplinary researches (idrs) in iran,[2] professional, organizational, cultural obstacles, and required polices for development of idrs in iran.[1] in this editorial, i want to discuss about one of the idr fields in iran that seems to have more available conditions for marketing comparing to other interdisciplinary areas.

Understanding the capacity of ecological systems to withstand and recover from disturbances is a major challenge for research in context environmental changes. Past has mostly focused on local effects biodiversity recovery, while alterations inter-patch connectivity induced by have received comparatively less attention. Here, we investigated effect recovery within metacommunities. Our specific ...

Paternal behavior is not innate but arises through social experience. After mating and becoming fathers, male mice change their behavior toward pups from infanticide to paternal care. However, the precise brain areas and circuit mechanisms connecting these social behaviors are largely unknown. Here we demonstrated that the c-Fos expression pattern in the four nuclei of the preoptic-bed nuclei o...

This paper presents a fast radiosity algorithm for illuminating scenes containing large piecewise polygonal surfaces. Dynamic Subdivision is based on the well known Adaptive Subdivision, introduced by M.Cohen et al. [3]. During the illumination process, patches in areas with high intensity gradients are re ned. Contrary to Adaptive Subdivision, the presented algorithm subdivides patches not in ...

The first part of this review presents a historical outline on the development of experimental methods in electrophysiology starting from the first experiments performed in the 1920s and ending with the "patch-clamp" technique. Recording configurations of the "patch-clamp" technique are briefly reviewed in the second section. The areas of application of the configurations are shown. The last se...

As compared with extensive contiguous areas, small isolated habitat patches lack many species. Some species disappear after isolation; others are rarely found in any small patch, regardless of isolation. We used a 13-year data set of bird captures from a large landscape-manipulation experiment in a Brazilian Amazon forest to model the extinction-colonization dynamics of 55 species and tested ba...