Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineered (MPLS TE) Label Switched Paths (LSPs) may be established wholly within an Autonomous System (AS) or may cross AS boundaries. The Path Computation Element (PCE) is a component that is capable of computing constrained paths for (G)MPLS TE LSPs. The PCE Communication Protocol (PCECP) is defined to allow communication between Path Computation Clients...

So far the majority of Machine Translation (MT) research has focused on translation at the level of individual sentences. For sentence level translation, Machine Translation has addressed various divergence issues for large variety of languages; the issue of pronominal divergence has been presented only recently. Since the quality of translation as required by users follows coherent multi-sente...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) belongs to a class of neurodegenerative diseases that affect the patient’s speech, motor, and cognitive capabilities. All three deÞcits affect the multimodal communication channels of speech and gesture. We present a study on the changes in speech pause patterns and gesture holds before and after treatment. We present the results of a pilot study of two Idiopathic PD pa...

The global Internet can be modeled as a collection of hosts interconnected via transmission and switching facilities. Control over the collection of hosts and the transmission and switching facilities that compose the networking resources of the global Internet is not homogeneous, but is distributed among multiple administrative authorities. Resources under control of a single administration fo...

1 Background The alternation of two languages inside and outside of sentences –codeswitching (CS hereafter) has been studied mainly from two perspectives, i.e. grammatical/syntactic and pragmatic/discourse (Romaine, 1995). Although these two aspects are related and a knowledge of one helps understand the other (Myers-Scotton, 2002:Chapter 2), because of a limit in space, I will focus on the str...

YouTube is one of the biggest platforms where people around world can share informative videos. In YouTube, we find code-switching and code-mixing phenomenon easily. There are two dominant types code-mixing. The first type used by Group 1: Indonesian YouTubers who live abroad, while second 2: in country. This study aimed to out which group switched mixed language most. transcripts chosen video ...

Sensorineural hearing loss is associated with increased temporal masking of low energy sub-segments of speech by adjacent high energy segments, resulting in increased consonant confusion. Splitting the speech into segments and presenting the alternate segments to the two ears, may help in reducing the effect of increased temporal masking in cases of moderate bilateral loss. A method of inter-au...