The biologically important redox couple, /I-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/l,4,/%dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, provides a grossly reversible prototype system for an overall electrode reaction consisting of two successive one-electron (1 e) transfer steps coupled with (a) dimerization of an intermediate free radical product, (b) protonation-deprotonation of an intermediate product...

Lactate oxidase from Mycobacferium smegmatis forms a spectrally detectable intermediate during reaction with each of the substrates, L-lactate, /3-phenyl L-lactate, L-ac-hydroxy/3-methylvalerate and r-ar-hydroxyisovalerate. This intermediate, while present in greater amounts during anaerobic reactions, is also seen in the course of aerobic catalysis. The intermediate formed from each substrate ...

Participants along a production chain which exchange intermediate products on spot markets face price risks, such as the transmission of price fluctuations of the final product. In a real options environment this uncertainty may cause investment reluctance on the different steps of the production chain. This paper analyzes weather a stronger vertical integration along the production chain allow...

spinal cord compression due to extramedullary hematopoiesis is a well-described and rare syndrome encountered in several hematological disorders including β-thalassemia. hereby, a 37-year old pregnant woman with intermediate β -thalassemia with paraparesis and lower limb hypoesthesia was presented. mri showed soft tissue masses in both sides of thoracic paraspinal area. histologically, a mixtur...

background: &beta-thalassemia; is the most common monogenic disorder in human. the (ct) polymorphism at -158 upstream region of the &gammag-globin; gene and pharmacological factors such as hydroxyurea have been reported to influence &gamma-globin; gene expression and the severity of clinical symptoms of &beta-thalassemia.; methods: in the present study, 51 &beta-thalassemia; intermediate patie...

The decomposition of sulfopropyl sulfonate ~SPS, 4,5-dithiaoctane-1,8-disulfonic acid! in acid copper electroplating chemistries was studied using scanning electrochemical microscopy ~SECM!, UV-visible spectroscopy, high pressure liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and electron spin resonance. The primary decomposition product is proposed to be the thiolsulfonate of ...

The potential of engineering microorganisms with non-native pathways for the synthesis of long-chain alcohols has been identified as a promising route to biofuels. We describe computationally derived predictions for assembling pathways for the production of biofuel candidate molecules and subsequent metabolic engineering modifications that optimize product yield. A graph-based algorithm illustr...

In this work, a multiperiod MINLP model is proposed for the supply chain optimization of a petrochemical complex. Nonlinear, semi-rigorous models have been included for main plants in the site, allowing the determination of process operating conditions and product properties. Intermediate and final product storage and shipping are considered. Binary variables are associated to intermittent prod...

A comprehensive product study, performed via the turbulent flow chemical ionization mass spectrometry (TF-CIMS) technique, of the primary OH-initiated oxidation of many of the atmospherically abundant aromatic compounds was performed. The bicyclic peroxy radical intermediate, a key proposed intermediate species in the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) for the atmospheric oxidation of aromatics, w...

A novel spectrophotometric method for determination of tryptophan content in protein hydrolysates has been developed. The reagent used is diphenylamine sulphonate which is oxidised to diphenylbenzidine sulphonic acid after reacting with sodium nitrite in the sulphuric acid medium. The unstable oxidation product reacts quickly with sodium nitrite to produce a diazotized intermediate. When the di...