Male breast cancer (MBC) is considered as a rare disease that accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancers, and its treatment has been based on the evidence available from female breast cancer. Axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is now regarded as the standard of care for both female and male patients without clinical and imaging evidence of axillary lymph node metastases, while inte...

  Among the present classes of calcium channel blockers, dihydropyridine derivatives are widely used in the therapy of hypertension, angina pectoris and the other cardiovascular diseases. Since the prototype of dihydropyridine derivatives, nifedipine, does not have the optimum pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, several attempts have been made to synthesize other drugs in this ...

The internal mammary artery (IMA) is currently the preferred conduit for myocardial revascularization. However, pre-operative vasospasm and a hypoperfusion state during maximal exercise may limit its use as a bypass graft. The mechanism of spasm has not been clearly defined. Since β-adrenoceptor activation plays a major role in vasorelaxation, the present study was carried out to investigate th...

BACKGROUND Standard coronary artery bypass graft surgery uses a single internal mammary artery and supplemental vein or radial artery grafts. Several observational studies have suggested a survival benefit with two internal mammary artery grafts compared to a single internal mammary artery graft, but this has not been tested in a randomised trial. The Arterial Revascularisation Trial is a Medic...