نتایج جستجو برای: internal validity

تعداد نتایج: 333180  

2017

Introduction In research, validity refers to the degree to which findings are applicable in real-life situations. Essentially, if the findings are strongly valid, it implies that they have an excellent degree of applicability. In contrast, low validity implies that the survey is not applicable in real-life situations. The specific approach used during research has strong influence on validity. ...

2010
JANE GREEN Jane Green

97 There are several contexts in which randomization in research design is not possible. Researchers may be interested in the effects of large-scale events or policy initiatives, or of complex causal processes that cannot be replicated. Threats to external validity in randomized experiments will lead to greater dividends for some research questions in a quasi-experimental design. Quasi-experime...

2002
STEPHEN STRASSER

This paper compares the advantages and disadvantages o f the "pre-planned" and "postplanned" approaches to evaluating program effectiveness. These evaluative approaches are compared along a number o f dimensions which include: (a) Reliability o f data and the cost o f collecting it; (b) Internal validity; (c) External validity; (d) Evaluation obtrusiveness and threat; and (e) Program goal displ...

2015
Xiaoqing Tang Wenjie Duan Ying Wang Pengfei Guo Timothy Moss

Social anxiety is an emotional disorder common to various populations around the world. The newly developed Self-Beliefs Related to Social Anxiety Scale (SBSA) aims to assess three kinds of self-beliefs through 15 items that include self-related cognitive factors that evidently result in social anxiety. This study explored the psychometric characteristics of SBSA among 978 Chinese. An eight-ite...

2011

Approaches to scientific knowledge are a bit like rabid sports rivals; often they cannot say anything nice about their own team without simulta­ neously disparaging the other side. At some level, they know these intense rivalries would not exist if the other team were not a worthy contender, but the positive aspects of the other side are seldom acknowledged. likewise, empirical social scientist...

2010
John DiNardo David S. Lee

This chapter provides a selective review of some contemporary approaches to program evaluation. One motivation for our review is the recent emergence and increasing use of a particular kind of “program” in applied microeconomic research, the so-called Regression Discontinuity (RD) Design of Thistlethwaite and Campbell (1960). We organize our discussion of these various research designs by how t...

2015
Kirsty Loudon Merrick Zwarenstein Frank Sullivan Peter Donnan Shaun Treweek

Trials can be described as being on a design spectrum between highly explanatory (roughly, ‘Can the intervention work?’) to highly pragmatic (‘Does the intervention work in routine care?’). A criticism levelled at trials that take a pragmatic approach is that they sacrifice internal validity for external validity, i.e. there is a trade-off to be made. Proponents of pragmatic trials argue that t...

Journal: :iranian journal of public health 0
mr baneshi a talei

background: prognostic models have clinical appeal to aid therapeutic decision making. two main practical challenges in development of such models are assessment of validity of models and imputation of missing data. in this study, importance of imputation of missing data and application of bootstrap technique in development, simplification, and assessment of internal validity of a prognostic mo...

Journal: :journal of rehabilitation sciences and research 0
roohollah zahediannasb malahat akbarfahimi mohammad reza keyhani

background: sustained visual attention is a prerequisite for learning and memory. the early evaluation of attention in childhood is essential for their school and career success in the future. the aim of this study was to design, development and investigation of psychometric properties (content, face and convergent validity and test-retest and internal consistency reliability) of the computer -...

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