semen analysis, sperm dna fragmentation (sdf) and hypo-osmotic swelling test (host) are usually performed for the evaluation of sperm fertilizing ability. there are some debates over the necessity of sdf and host incorporation in male infertility work-up.semen of 77 men was evaluated by sdf and host through three semen analyses. sperm parameters were arranged into different categories: < 5%, 5-...

introduction: pronuclear size, morphology and orientation are known to affect embryo quality and implantation. the present study was aimed at evaluation of the possible relationship between protamine deficiency with pronuclear morphology and also cleavage and embryo quality. material and methods: semen sample of 160 candidate icsi and ivf couples were analyzed for sperm concentration, and motil...