BACKGROUND Patients have anxiety and fear of complications due to general anesthesia. Through new instruments and local anesthetic drugs, a variety of anesthetic methods have been introduced. These methods keep hospital costs down and save time for patients. In particular, the target-controlled infusion (TCI) system maintains a relatively accurate level of plasma concentration, so the depth of ...

The term ‘‘anesthesia’’ was originally used by the ancient Greek surgeon Dioscorides and resurrected by Dr Oliver Wendell Holmes to describe the insensible state produced by inhalation of ether. The goals of general anesthesia include amnesia, unconsciousness (also termed hypnosis), and immobilization. By definition, general anesthetics reversibly produce all 3 of these therapeutic effects. Gen...

Our anesthetic technique proposed for awake craniotomy is the monitored anesthesia care (MAC) technique, with patient in sedation throughout intervention. protocol involves analgo-sedation through administration of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil a continuous intravenous infusion, allowing to be sedated comfort, but contactable spontaneously breathing. Pre-surgery, pre-medicated intramuscular ...

This study investigated the lactating stage of rats to determine the effect on maternal behavior of a single exposure to general anesthetic. Lactating Wistar rats were treated with anesthetic doses of pentobarbital (PENT) or ketamine (KET) on day 3 or 9 of lactation, and their behavioral responses were evaluated during a 50-min nursing period, after a 4-h mother-pup separation, on day 12. Expos...

Sir,?The article by Lieut-Colonel Cox in the August issue of the Indian Medical Gazette emphasizing the dangers of chloroform anaesthesia deserves "wide publicity in this country where the subject of anaesthetics and their administration appears to be badly neglected in the medical curriculum. Unlike many other highly necessary reforms, improvement in this branch of medicine does not necessitat...

We heartily welcomed the first edition of this most useful book when it appeared just three years ago, and now we have before us a new (third) revised and enlarged edition. The aim of the book is entirely practical. The time has long passed when it was possible for the general practitioner or surgeon to keep himself abreast with the rapidly increasing research in many departments of physiology ...

background: severe abdominal pain is not common after laparoscopic surgeries, but acute or chronic pain after operation is considerable in some patients. post-operative pain control after laparoscopic surgeries, is conventionally achieved using analgesics such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) and narcotics, but their administration has a lot of side effects. this study compares...

Human serum albumin (HSA) is one of the most abundant proteins in the circulatory system and plays a key role in the transport of fatty acids, metabolites, and drugs. For many drugs, binding to serum albumin is a critical determinant of their distribution and pharmacokinetics; however, there have as yet been no high resolution crystal structures published of drug-albumin complexes. Here we desc...

Human serum albumin (HSA) is one of the most abundant proteins in the circulatory system and plays a key role in the transport of fatty acids, metabolites, and drugs. For many drugs, binding to serum albumin is a critical determinant of their distribution and pharmacokinetics; however, there have as yet been no high resolution crystal structures published of drug-albumin complexes. Here we desc...