Researchers of venture capitalists’ decision making must be aware of potential biases and errors associated with self reported data especially in light of this study’s findings that venture capitalists’ lack introspection into the policies they “use” to assess likely profitability. Surprisingly, venture capitalists demonstrate some introspection into the policies they “use” to assess probabilit...

Retail industry Point of Sale (POS) computer systems are frequently targeted by hackers for credit/debit card data. Faced with increasing security threats, new security standards requiring encryption for card data storage and transmission were introduced making harvesting card data more difficult. Encryption can be circumvented by extracting unencrypted card data from the volatile memory of POS...

A new weakened scheme for negative introspection in autoepistemic reasoning is proposed. The scheme is formulated proof-theoretically in terms of enumer-ations of formulae. The resulting sets of conclusions based on this negative introspec-tion principle, cautious autoepistemic expansions, generalize Moore style stable expansions such that every set of premises has a cautious expansion. A nitar...

Recent advances in the field of metacognition have shown that human participants are introspectively aware of many different cognitive states, such as confidence in a decision. Here we set out to expand the range of experimental introspection by asking whether participants could access, through pure mental monitoring, the nature of the cognitive processes that underlie two visual search tasks: ...

Carruthers’ arguments depend on a tenuous interpretation of cases from the confabulation literature. Specifically, Carruthers maintains that cases of confabulation are “subjectively indistinguishable” from cases of alleged introspection. However, in typical cases of confabulation, the self-attributions are characterized by low confidence, in contrast to cases of alleged introspection. What is c...

The paper provides a short argument that negative introspection cannot be algorithmic. This result with respect to a principle of belief fits to what we know about provability principles. Autoepistemic reasoning is reasoning the inferences of which depend on representing one’s own state of belief. A cognitive agent engaged in autoepistemic reasoning draws conclusion from introspective beliefs. ...

To study whether the distinction between introspective and non-introspective states of mind is an empirical reality or merely a conceptual distinction, we measured event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited in introspective and non-introspective instruction conditions while the observers were trying to detect the presence of a masked stimulus. The ERPs indicated measurable differences related to ...

It is shown that probabilistic beliefs and est imation of quanti t ies give rise to the same model, that of a type spacer and can be viewed as the two sides of the same coin. We s tudy the axiom of correct est imation, which s ta tes tha t an agent 's est imation of his own est imation is correct, showing it to be weaker than the introspection axiom, according to which an agent is certain of hi...

Introspection and language are the cognitive prides of humankind, but their interactions in healthy cognition remain unclear. Episodes of mind-wandering, where personal thoughts often go unnoticed for some time before being introspected, offer a unique opportunity to study the role of language in introspection. In this paper, we show that inner speech facilitates awareness of mind-wandering. In...