A universal initial mass function (IMF) is not intuitive, but so far no convincing evidence for a variable IMF exists. The detection of systematic variations of the IMF with star-forming conditions would be the Rosetta Stone for star formation. In this contribution an average or Galactic-field IMF is defined, stressing that there is evidence for a change in the power-law index at only two masse...

This paper’s purpose is to provide a numerical scheme to approximate solutions of the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation by applying the multiquadric quasi-interpolation scheme and the integrated radial basis function network scheme. Our scheme uses θ-weighted scheme for discretization of the temporal derivative and the integrated form of the multiquadric quasi-interpolation scheme for approximati...

Recent results indicate the stellar initial mass function is not a strong function of star–forming environment or “initial conditions” (e.g. Meyer et al. 2000). Some studies suggest that a universal IMF may extend to sub–stellar masses (see however Briceno et al. 2002). Yet most of this work is confined to star–forming environments within 1 kpc of the Sun. In order to probe the universality of ...

In the field of Image Quality Assessment (IQA), this paper examines a Reduced Reference (RRIQA) measure based on the bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition. The proposed measure belongs to Natural Scene Statistics (NSS) modeling approaches. First, the reference image is decomposed into Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF); the authors then use the Generalized Gaussian Density (GGD) to model IMF ...

Whether the stellar initial mass function (IMF) is universal or is instead sensitive to environmental conditions is of critical importance: The IMF influences most observable properties of stellar populations and thus galaxies, and detecting variations in the IMF could provide deep insights into the star formation process. This review critically examines reports of IMF variations, with a view t...

We summarize recent observational and theoretical progress aimed at understanding the origin of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) with specific focus on galactic star–forming regions. We synthesize data from various efforts to determine the IMF in very young, partially–embedded stellar clusters and find: i) no significant variations in the low–mass IMF have been observed between different...

abstract saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) is one of the most important physical properties of soils which is expensive and time-consuming to directly measure. hence, indirect methods, such as pedotransfer functions (ptfs), were developed to predict the ks. previous studies showed that most of the ptfs common in the literature can not suitably predict the ks. hence, this study was conducted...

this paper deals with the boundary value problem involving the differential equationbegin{equation*}    ell y:=-y''+qy=lambda y, end{equation*} subject to the standard boundary conditions along with the following discontinuity  conditions at a point $ain (0,pi)$ begin{equation*}    y(a+0)=a_1 y(a-0),quad y'(a+0)=a_1^{-1}y'(a-0)+a_2 y(a-0),end{equation*}where $q(x),  a_1 , a_2$ are  real, $qin l...

Intramuscular fat (IMF) is known to enhance beef palatability and can be markedly increased by castration. However, there is little understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the IMF deposition after castration of beef cattle. We hypothesize that genetic regulators function differently in IMF from bulls and steers. Therefore, after detecting serum testosterone and lipid parameter, as w...

This research presents an investigation into the effects of metallicity and the initial mass function (IMF) on the star formation rates (SFRs) of star forming regions. Studies of SFRs at different eras in the universe help to understand galaxy formation and evolution and how stellar populations change over time. Photometry observations from the UH 2.2m telescope located on Mauna Kea and the Sup...