OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the implementation of recommendations of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. BACKGROUND In 2010, the IOM made a series of recommendations aimed at transforming the role of nurses in healthcare delivery. METHODS We conducted a multiyear survey, in 2011 and 2013, with nurse leaders...

A great deal of recent work has been devoted to the topic of biomarkers as aids to diagnosis, prognosis and treatment evaluation. Basing our work on the Ontology for General Medical Science (OGMS) and on the specifications provided by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), we propose definitions for biomarkers of various types. These definitions provide a formal representation of what biomarkers are ...

The exogenous delivery of organic molecules could have played an important role in the emergence of life on the early Earth. Carbonaceous chondrites are known to contain indigenous amino acids as well as various organic compounds and complex macromolecular materials, such as the so-called insoluble organic matter (IOM), but the origins of the organic matter are still subject to debate. We repor...

Although more than 50% of women gain weight above the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines for weight gain in pregnancy and excessive weight gain is an independent risk factor for significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and offspring obesity, there is little consensus over the ideal weight gain during pregnancy. Surprisingly, the 2009 IOM guidelines varied minimally from the 1990 IOM guid...

Human health is inextricably linked to the health of animals and the viability of ecosystems; this is a concept commonly known as One Health. Over the last 2 decades, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the National Research Council (NRC) have published consensus reports and workshop summaries addressing a variety of threats to animal, human, and ecosystem health. We reviewed a selection of the...

A1 has a significant impact on the practice of gener­ al internal medicine (Barnes et al. 1987; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [NIAAA] 1990; Institute of Medicine [IOM] 1990; Fleming and Barry 1992). In the advanced disease, which is most widely recognized by internists, alcoholism’s symptoms include such medical complications as cirrhosis, hepatitis, or hypertension. Per­ h...

OBJECTIVE There is an urgent need to adopt standardized nomenclature as it relates to gestational weight gain (GWG), a more uniform approach to calculate it, and hence quantifying adherence to the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. METHODS This perspective highlights the varying methods used to estimate GWG and discuss the advantages and limitations of each. RESULTS While these ca...

Five years ago, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) called for a national effort to make health care safe. Although progress since then has been slow, the IOM report truly "changed the conversation" to a focus on changing systems, stimulated a broad array of stakeholders to engage in patient safety, and motivated hospitals to adopt new safe practices. The pace of change is likely to accelerate, par...

The much-discussed urgency of addressing the obesity epidemic does not obviate the need for well-reasoned actions based on the best available evidence. To the contrary, as underscored by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention — Solving the Weight of the Nation (1), the urgency of addressing the epidemic compels actions, often policy-related and for...

Primitive carbonaceous chondrites contain a large array of organic compounds dominated by insoluble organic matter (IOM). A striking feature of this IOM is the systematic enrichment in deuterium compared with the solar hydrogen reservoir. This enrichment has been taken as a sign of low-temperature ion-molecule or gas-grain reactions. However, the extent to which Solar System processes, especial...