Mechanical ventilation is a risk factor for cerebral inflammation and brain injury in preterm neonates. The risk increases proportionally with the intensity of treatment. Recent studies have shown that cerebral inflammation and injury can be initiated in the delivery room. At present, initiation of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in the delivery room is one of the least contro...

Baum, J. D., and Roberton, N. R. C. (1974). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 49, 771. Distending pressure in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. The application of distending pressure to 40 babies with the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is described. Pressures greater than 10 cm H,O were rarely used. On starting distending pressure, considerable improvements in blood gases occurre...

To evaluate the accuracy of two non-invasive techniques for cardiac output (CO) measurement, we have measured CO simultaneously by thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB), pulsed Doppler ultrasound (DU) and standard thermodilution methods (TD) under different clinical conditions. Measurements were made in 10 patients: (I) during steady state anaesthesia with controlled IPPV ventilation (n = 131)...

The measurement of systolic time intervals (STI) has been widely used as a non-invasive method of assessing the inotropic state of the heart, and normal values are available for healthy individuals breathing spontaneously. The present study was performed in order to evaluate how intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) affects STI. Ten subjects were investigated before and during halot...

There have been a number of studies of the physiological effects of different tracheal pressure wave patterns in patients requiring artificial ventilation with intermittent positive pressure (IPPV) (Werko, 1947; Cournand et al., 1948; Maloney et al., 1953; Watson, 1962a, b; Bergman, 1963, 1967; Grenvik, 1966; Auchinloss and Gilbert, 1967; Robinson, 1967; Herzog and Norlander, 1968; Adams et al....

Haemodynamic measurements and estimates of pulmonary gas exchange have been made in 15 patients during varying degrees of deliberate arterial hypotension induced by IPPV with varying concentrations of halothane in oxygen. Used in this way, halothane caused a dose-dependent arterial hypotension, which was directly related to a reduction in stroke volume and cardiac output, raised right atrial pr...

In a prospective study at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, 95 premature infants with birthweights equal or less than 1500 g were screened for intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) using cranial ultrasound. Nineteen (20 per cent) were found to have developed IVH. Eight out of fourteen variables studied showed a significant difference between infants who did and those who did not develop IVH. Thes...