the aim this research is the diagnosis of production chains in oil’s regions of iran. for this reason, by using, input-output table for oil’s regions of iran,linkages and production chains are identified. the results of research indicate that although oil and natural gas sectors contain 50 percent of region’s output, but it is not a leading sector. in contrast, manufacturing of species of machi...

the paper examines for the first time the foreign exchange intervention policy in foreign exchange market of iran. and in this framework, the study designs and simulates the foreign exchange intervention model in iran. in the first section, the paper shows that the injection of oil revenues directly to economy and also the absence of potent structure of output are inclusively caused the central...

there are different studies in urban literature on the determinants of urban growth, from the theoretical and empirical points of view. the most completed theoretical model is henderson model (1988, 1997, and 1999), which is tested by some empirical studies. as henderson model shows, the set of national product, specialization and technological progress are the determinants of urban growth. usi...

â â â  â â â â â  abstract: â  up to now, the impact of real exchange rate on the non-oil exports of iran has been mainly on focus. however, the more important aspect of the fluctuations in exchange rate is its degree of volatility which can have profound effect on the non-oil exports. hence, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the linkage between non-oil exports and the real exc...

Linking Individuals and Societies How do individuals shape societies? How do societies shape individuals? This paper develops a framework for studying the connections between micro and macro phenomena. The framework builds on two ingredients widely used in social science − population and variable. Starting with the simplest case of one population and one variable, we systematically introduce ad...

A New Continuous Distribution and Two New Families of Distributions Based on the Exponential Recent work on social status led to derivation of a new continuous distribution based on the exponential. The new variate, termed the ring(2)-exponential, in turn leads to derivation of two closely-related new families of continuous distributions, which we call the mirrorexponential and the ring-exponen...

The sample mean is one of the most natural estimators of the population mean based on independent identically distributed sample. However, if some control variate is available, it is known that the control variate method reduces the variance of the sample mean. The control variate method often assumes that the variable of intersest and the control variable are i.i.d. Here we assume that these v...

Advances in the apptication of supercritical (SC), gaseous (G), and ]iquid (LQ) C02 hayc been made regarding the interaction with biological materials or organisms. There are sevcral reports dealing with the influences of SC, G, and LQ C02 on proteins,i'2) amino acids,i) enzymes,3'S) and microbial eells.b'7) Kamihara et aL have described that wet cells (water content of 70-90g,h) of baker's yea...

Schaefer, K. E., S. M. Pasquale, A. A. Messier, and H. Niemoeller. 1979. COrinduced kidney calcification. Undersea Biomed. Res. Sub. Suppl.: S143-S153.—Light microscopic examination of kidney tissue of guinea pigs exposed to 1.5% CO*, 2t% 02, and balance N2 for periods as long as 42 days and of rats exposed to the same CO: concentrations for up to 91 days showed that the incidence of focal kidn...

An identity links the rate of economic growth, the speed of poverty reduction and changes in the distribution of income during some time period in a given country. A few authors used that identity to understand the causes for observed changes in poverty and to identify the exact role of economic growth in poverty reduction. Yet, many empirical cross-country studies of the relationship between g...