Copyright © 2014, Iranian Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ISRAPM); Published by Kowsar Corp. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. There are many references in ancient Iranian literature on...

Iranian traditional architecture is one of the world's architectures par excellence. It was one of the most important architectures in the medieval Islamic world. Iranian architecture has developed over millennia in response to its religion. Many traditional and vernacular buildings in Iran show that the architects had been so clever in harmonizing the Iranian religion and architecture in the p...

Where they dominate coastlines, seagrass beds are thought to have a fundamental role in maintaining populations of exploited species. Thus, Mediterranean seagrass beds are afforded protection, yet no attempt to determine the contribution of these areas to both commercial fisheries landings and recreational fisheries expenditure has been made. There is evidence that seagrass extent continues to ...

To assess genetic diversity and maternal origin of Turkish and Iranian native chicken breeds, we analyzed the mtDNA D-loop sequences of 222 chickens from 2 Turkish (Denizli and Gerze) and 7 Iranian (White Marandi, Black Marandi, Naked Neck, Common Breed, Lari, West Azarbaijan, and New Hampshire) native chicken breeds, together with the available reference sequences of G. gallus gallus in GenBan...

449 Gross revenues from marine capture fisheries worldwide are estimated at between US$80 billion and 85 billion annually1–3. As a primary industry4, fisheries support the wellbeing of nations through direct employment in fishing, processing and ancillary services amounting to between US$220 billion and 235 billion annually in 2003 (ref. 5). Globally, fish provide nearly three billion people wi...

In developing countries, official statistics, national accounts, and economic development initiatives generally focus on commercial, often exportoriented fisheries, which are often perceived to be the major economic contribution of fisheries. While small-scale, non-commercial fisheries, especially near-shore subsistence fisheries, have been recognized as fundamental for social, cultural, and fo...

Climate change is predicted to have a range of direct and indirect impacts on marine and freshwater capture fisheries, with implications for fisheries-dependent economies, coastal communities and fisherfolk. This technical paper reviews these predicted impacts, and introduces and applies the concepts of vulnerability, adaptation and adaptive capacity. Capture fisheries are largely driven by fos...

Introduction 285 MPAs, stock assessments and spatial modelling in marine ecosystems 286 The role of fisheries science in management 287 Fishery-dependent information 288 Life-history information 290 Catch demographic data 291 Fishery-independent surveys 291 Spatial variability and movement patterns 293 Structure of assessment models 293 Fisheries management objectives and obligations 296 Abstra...

Using estimates of the primary production required (PPR) to support fisheries catches (a measure of the footprint of fishing), we analyzed the geographical expansion of the global marine fisheries from 1950 to 2005. We used multiple threshold levels of PPR as percentage of local primary production to define 'fisheries exploitation' and applied them to the global dataset of spatially-explicit ma...