background and purpose: upon centuries, wars have taken over countries due to theadvancement of sophisticated warfare,causingserious injuries among soldiers. nurses are directly involved in preoperative and postsurgical patient care. one of the most remarkable contributions of the iranian operating room nurses was to provide medical care for wounded soldiers in field hospitals during the iran-i...

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual R...

OUR PREVIOUS ARTICLE 1 DEscribed the Department of Defense’s (DoD’s) screening efforts to identify mental health concerns among soldiers and Marines as they return from Iraq and Afghanistan using the Post-Deployment Health Assessment (PDHA). However, the article also raised concerns that mental health problems might be missed because of the early timing of this screening. It cited preliminary d...

the european countries' stances towards bush's pre-emptive war were hard. this has been caused by some factors; first, the political european tradition of balance of power in regional and international system is still continuing. second, the pre-emptive war has led to an increase of u.s mobility power in european security field. and at last the pre-emptive war has led to fractions and...

In the week before the 2003 American attack on Iraq, the effects of authoritarianism and the social dominance orientation on support for the attack were examined. Based on prior research on the nature of these constructs, a structural model was developed and tested. As predicted, authoritarianism strengthened support for the attack by intensifying the perception that Iraq threatened America. So...

This paper introduces the concept of rational countefactuals which is an idea of identifying a counterfactual from the factual (whether perceived or real) that maximizes the attainment of the desired consequent. In counterfactual thinking if we have a factual statement like: ‘Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait and consequently George Bush declared war on Iraq‘ then its counterfactuals is: ‘If Saddam...

adnan al_sayegh is one of the dominant poets of the war who is belong to 80 decade of iraq. he spent a lot of his time in challenging with death in war time and because of this he is very averse of it. he has several collects of poems and most of the subjects of his poems are about  political and social issues in iraq. he is the most complete instance of current poem in iraq. he writes free poe...

Leishmaniasis affects 1.5-2 million new cases in the world annually. Two major complications of cutaneous leishamaniasis include diffuse cutaneous leishamaniasis (DCL ) occurring in the setting of deficient cell mediated immunity, typically with HIV infection, and chronic cutaneous leishamaniasis (CCL ) developing in approximately 4% of L. tropica infections in Iran and Afghanistan which also m...

as an important event, each war has a lasting effect on people's life and language for decades. some war consequences are in direct relation with end result (winning or losing) of the war and some others are the aftermath of the war itself. this essay discusses two points about the period following the war, considering iran-iraq war. first, death becomes a routine. it will be internalized ...