Irreversibility of spontaneous macroscopic dynamics and its asymmetry with respect to the sign reversal of the variable t is usually interpreted as a genuine property of complex isolated systems. Discussion of the kinetics involved in Joule's experiment concerning spontaneous expansion of a gas shows that the isolation hypothesis results from ambiguous definitions of a number of keywords. Where...

We investigate how corporate stock returns respond to geopolitical risk in the case of South Korea, which has experienced large and unpredictable swings that originate from North Korea. To do so, a monthly index Korea (the GPRNK index) is constructed using automated keyword searches Korean media. The index, designed capture both upside downside risk, corroborates sharply increases with occurren...

We investigate how corporate stock returns respond to geopolitical risk in the case of South Korea, which has experienced large and unpredictable swings that originate from North Korea. To do so, a monthly index Korea (the GPRNK index) is constructed using automated keyword searches Korean media. The index, designed capture both upside downside risk, corroborates sharply increases with occurren...

The low-field susceptibility along the easy axis of the spin glass Fe2Ti05 exhibits a sharp cusp at Tg = 48 K, whereas the susceptibility in transverse directions exhibits a broad maximum around 6 K. In all directions irreversibility appears already. below Tz. Transverse irreversibility, however, is weaker by an order of magnitude than the longitudinal one. This behavior is discussed in terms o...

We use strong sub-additivity of entanglement entropy, Lorentz invariance, and the Markov property of the vacuum state of a conformal field theory to give a new proof of the irreversibility of the renormalization group in d = 4 space-time dimensions – the a-theorem. This extends the proofs of the c and F theorems in dimensions d = 2 and d = 3 based on vacuum entanglement entropy, and gives a uni...

Two distinct conceptions for the relation between reversible, time-reversal invariant laws of nature and the irreversible behavior of physical systems are outlined. The standard, extrinsic concept of irreversibility is based on the notion of an open system interacting with its environment. An alternative, intrinsic concept of irreversibility does not explicitly refer to any environment at all. ...

Simulation of the magnetic relaxation in a model of hard superconductor reveals a new time scale below the irreversibility temperature. The relaxation in this new time scale, which appears in an intermediate time window, is a power law and is related to self organization of the magnetic flux around the critical current density Jc during the relaxation. Emergence of a new time scale which along ...

The von Neumann cellular automaton appears in many different settings in Operations Research varying from applications in Formal Languages to Biology. One of the major questions related to it is to find a general condition for irreversibility of a class of two-dimensional cellular automata on square grids ( +-automata). This question is partially answered here with the proposal of a sufficient ...

In this work, we introduce discontinuous Galerkin and enriched Galerkin formulations for the spatial discretization of phase-field fracture propagation. The nonlinear coupled system is formulated in terms of the Euler-Lagrange equations, which are subject to a crack irreversibility condition. The resulting variational inequality is solved in a quasi-monolithic way in which the irreversibility c...

The aim of this paper is to analyze the concepts of time-reversal invariance and irreversibility in the so-called ’time-asymmetric quantum mechanics’. We begin with pointing out the difference between these two concepts. On this basis, we show that irreversibility is not as tightly linked to the semigroup evolution laws of the theory -which lead to its non time-reversal invarianceas usually sug...