Introduction: Using irrigation solutions in pulpectomy procedures for children is the best technique to dissolve and remove the soft necrotic materials during instrumentation. Normal saline solution (NSS) has no antibacterial activity and only results in root canal cleaning during irrigation. The 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) solution significantly decreases bacterial coloni...

This study investigated the comparative effects of reduced irrigation regimes--partial root-zone drying (PRD) and conventional deficit irrigation (DI)--on the incidence of blossom-end rot (BER) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under three Ca-fertilization rates: 0, 100, and 200mg Ca kg(-1) soil (denoted Ca0, Ca1, and Ca2, respectively). The plants were grown in split-root pots in a climate-c...

P oters with implants in female 18 years old or more; 2 the use of intraoperative irrigation with antibiotic; and 3 documentation of capsular contracture. Our primary outcome was postoperative rate of severe capsular contracture (Baker III and IV). We assessed the methodologic quality of included studies using validated tools (JADAD and MINORS). Pooled random effects estimates and 95% confidenc...

AIM To monitor ex vivo intra-canal irrigation with three endodontic needles (25, 27 and 30 gauge) and compare them in terms of irrigant flow rate, intra-barrel pressure, duration of irrigation and volume of irrigant delivered. METHODOLOGY A testing system was constructed to allow measurement of selected variables with pressure and displacement transducers during ex vivo intra-canal irrigation...

The physiological basis for the advantage of alternate partial root-zone irrigation (PRI) over common deficit irrigation (DI) in improving crop water use efficiency (WUE) remains largely elusive. Here leaf gas exchange characteristics and photosynthetic CO(2)-response and light-response curves for maize (Zea mays L.) leaves exposed to PRI and DI were analysed under three N-fertilization rates, ...

Nitrogen (N) pollution induced by irrigated agriculture is a significant environmental problem. The main N inputs and outputs were measured or estimated in the semi-arid La Violada irrigation district (Spain). Data on two periods (1995-98 and 2006-08) were compared and related to observed changes during the decade in cropping patterns and N fertilization and irrigation management. N fertilizati...

The use of irrigation in the production of vegetables in the eastern part of the United States has shown a very rapid increase in the past 4 or 5 years. Irrigation not only increases the total yield, but also in many cases, the quality of the crop produced is improved as well. Physiologists are interested in learning if such differences in quality are largely of a physical nature or if there ar...

Improving winter wheat water use efficiency in the North China Plain (NCP), China is essential in light of current irrigation water shortages. In this study, the AquaCrop model was used to calibrate, and validate winter wheat crop performance under various planting dates and irrigation application rates. All experiments were conducted at the Xiaotangshan experimental site in Beijing, China, dur...

There is controversy among neurosurgeons regarding whether irrigation or drainage is necessary for achieving a lower revision rate for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) using burr-hole craniostomy (BHC). Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of all available published reports. Multiple electronic health databases were searched to identify all studies published between 1989 and...

Conceptual Frame As a vital resource in agriculture, irrigation water contributes to many productive and livelihood activities. With the common belief on the important role of irrigation in agricultural growth, many developing Asian countries have promoted irrigation development over the last five decades to achieve such broad objectives as economic growth, rural and agricultural development, f...