We describe a model to calculate the buffering capacity of bicarbonate in the rumen. The addition of NaHCO3 results in the release of CO2 from solution and eventually from the rumen via eructation. This process directly neutralizes ruminal acidity. The degree to which the process continues depends on the partial pressure of CO2 in the gas phase, the pH, and a constant (7.74), according to the H...

Aquatic hypercapnia may have helped to drive ancestral vertebrate invasion of land. We tested the hypothesis that amphibious fishes sense and respond to elevated aquatic PCO2 by behavioural avoidance mechanisms, and by morphological changes at the chemoreceptor level. Mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus) were exposed to 1 week of normocapnic control water (pH 8), air, hypercapnia (5% CO2,...

The existing buffers algorithms cannot effectively to meet the demands of high accuracy buffer analysis in practice although many efforts have been made past 60 years. A generalized buffering algorithm (GBA) is presented, which considers geometric distance and attribute characteristics all instances within zone. proposed includes three major steps: (1) select initialize target instance; (2) det...

Background Cardiac stress testing is the standard of care for diagnosing ischemic heart disease. Traditional stress testing involves physical or pharmacological stress to induce hyperemia and/or increase myocardial oxygen demand. Physical stress is not possible in 100% of cases however, and pharmacological stress carries rare but serious risk. We asked whether acute isocapnic hypoxia could be u...

An efficient moving object Segmentation is useful for real time content based video surveillance and Object Tracking. Commonly a foreground is extracted using a mixture of Gaussian followed by shadow and noise removal to initialise the Object Trackers. This technique uses a kernel mask to make the system more efficient by decreasing the search area and the number of iterations to converge in th...

For positive constants c and d, the coefficients t and b will always assume values between 0 and 1. Such a buffering behavior, which is also characteristic of H+ buffering in pure water (Buffering II Supplement 2), was classified as “noninverting moderation” (Buffering I). The accompanying paper presented a general method to construct communicating vessel-models of noninverting moderation (Buff...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES To characterize the viscoelastic properties of the aorta and pulmonary arteries and the effects of vascular smooth muscle activation on arterial buffering function. MATERIAL AND METHOD Aortic and pulmonary artery pressure and diameter were measured in six anesthetized sheep under baseline conditions, and during arterial hypertension induced by mechanical vascular o...

Of 34 symptomatic adult asthmatic patients (23 men) aged 51 +/- 13 years (mean +/- 1 SD) with moderately severe airways obstruction who underwent maximal exercise testing at room temperature (22 degrees C) and humidity (44 percent RH) using a bicycle ergometer, we identified seven male patients aged 56 +/- 9 years in whom forced expired volume in one second (FEV1) increased greater than or equa...