BACKGROUND The entity of crossed pulmonary arteries was first described by Jue, Lockman, and Edwards in 1966, in a patient with trisomy 18. Since then, several series have been described, both in terms of the isolated anatomic variant, or its association with other intracardiac or extracardiac anomalies. We describe a rare association that has previously not been reported. Methods and results I...

The aortic isthmus (AoI) is a unique fetal watershed with a waveform reflecting its complex haemodynamic physiology. The systolic component represents left and right ventricular systolic ejection, and the diastolic component represents comparative downstream vascular impedance between the brachiocephalic and subdiaphragmatic fetal circulations. Several indices have been devised to quantify diff...

Formation of the trochlear nerve within the anterior hindbrain provides a model system to study a simple axonal projection within the vertebrate central nervous system. We show that trochlear motor neurons are born within the isthmic organiser and also immediately posterior to it in anterior rhombomere 1. Axons of the most anterior cells follow a dorsal projection, which circumnavigates the ist...

Cervical pregnancy is a rare condition characterized by implantation of a fertilized ovum in the endocervical canal below the internal os level; its incidence is less than 0.1% of all ectopic pregnancies. Although predisposing factors have been described, the cause of cervical pregnancy remains unknown. Cervical pregnancy has a high morbidity potential due to massive hemorrhage that can be asso...

INTRODUCTION Isolated fallopian tube torsion as a complication of a preexisting hydrosalpinx is a rare finding in pediatric patients. The obvious rarity of this condition, its subtle diagnostic features and dissonant previous reporting about the appropriate therapeutic approach according to age, future conception capacity and potential complications of possible pregnancies make the decision abo...

Development and differentiation of the vertebrate caudal midbrain and anterior hindbrain are dependent on the isthmic organizer signals at the midbrain/hindbrain boundary (MHB). The future MHB forms at the boundary between the Otx2 and Gbx2 expression domains. Recent studies in mice and chick suggested that the apposition of Otx2- and Gbx2-expressing cells is instrumental for the positioning an...

The intraluminal stent-graft placement is preferred for alleviation of symptoms as well prolonging life span adult aortic coarctation.
 We presented here the interventional treatment option a 44 years old coarctation patient with complex isthmic anatomy: long segment stenosis beginning before left subclavian artery ostia, proximal aneurysm, multilobulated aneurysm descending aort, poststen...