This paper considers a Burdett–Judd model of the labor market with two types of equally productive workers and two types of firms, discriminators and non-discriminators. Without policy intervention, there is wage dispersion between and within the two worker groups, but all wage differences become negligible when the taste for discrimination is small. We analyze the effect of an equal–pay policy...

BACKGROUND There are no effective vaccines for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a neglected parasitic disease second only to malaria in global mortality. We previously identified 14 protective candidates in a screen of 100 Leishmania antigens as DNA vaccines in mice. Here we employ whole blood assays to evaluate human cytokine responses to 11 of these antigens, in comparison to known defined and cr...

The U.S. temporary work program (TWP) for lower skilled jobs, the American nonimmigrant H-2 visa, has been admitting foreign workers for agricultural jobs for the past half century. While US policy is widely seen as having failed to control illegal entry, employer use of the H-2A program has, nevertheless, substantially increased over the past fifteen years. I describe the growth of the H-2A wo...

The paper examines gender differences in intra-firm and inter-firm job changes, including worker-initiated and firm-initiated separations, for white full-time British workers over the period 1991-96. We document four main findings. First, job mobility is high for both men and women, with more than one quarter of the sample changing job each year. Second, the distinction between promotions, quit...

We analyze experimentally the role of vertical and horizontal fairness in labor relations with implicit contracts. We focus on two prominent wage schemes in firms with more than one agent: wage equality as an extreme form of wage compression and individual wage setting. We find that efforts and efficiency are significantly higher under individual wages. This is not caused by differences in mone...

How Tax Progression Affects Effort and Employment Within an efficiency wage framework, we study the effects of two revenue-neutral tax reforms that change the progressivity of the labour tax system. A revenue-neutral increase in both the wage tax and tax exemption and a revenue-neutral change in the composition of labour taxation towards the tax with the smaller tax base will lead to the same r...

Incentives in Tournaments with Endogenous Prize Selection Tournament incentive schemes offer payments dependent on relative performance and thereby are intended to motivate agents to exert productive effort. Unfortunately, however, an agent may also be tempted to destroy the production of his competitors in order to improve the own relative position. In the present study we investigate whether ...

We develop a model of nonstationary relational contracts in order to study internal wage dynamics. Workers are heterogeneous and each worker’s ability is both private information and fixed for all time. Learning therefore occurs within employment relationships. The inferences, however, are confounded by moral hazard: the distribution of output is determined by both the worker’s type and by his ...

We study the impact of reputational incentives in markets characterized by moral hazard problems. Social preferences have been shown to enhance contract enforcement in these markets, while at the same time generating considerable wage and price rigidity. Reputation powerfully amplifies the positive effects of social preferences on contract enforcement by increasing contract efficiency substanti...

The Relevance of Post-Match LTC: Why Has the Spanish Labor Market Become as Volatile as the US One? We present a Search and Matching model with heterogeneous workers (entrants and incumbents) that replicates the stylized facts characterizing the US and the Spanish labor markets. Under this benchmark, we find the Post-Match Labor Turnover Costs (PMLTC) to be the centerpiece to explain why the Sp...