We test the hypothesis that in an economic recovery, unionization negatively affects job creation. We examine state-level job growth following two recent recessions, those with troughs in November 1982 and March 1991. In the five years following the troughs, we assess whether variations across states in union membership and right-to-work laws affect the rate of job growth. We find evidence that...

.................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. iiiii TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ...........................

Time waste differs from material waste in that there can be no salvage.

background: environment and its ecosystems are affected by various natural and man-made disasters. the environmental management in disasters tries to protect ecosystems, sustain development, reduce disaster risk, and adapt to or decrease the impact of climate change. this study aimed to investigate the impact of disasters on the environment and methods of reducing these effects. materials and m...

background: sulfur compounds must be removed from petroleum because they contribute to environmental pollution. a strong alkaline solution such as caustic soda is used to remove these compounds. this spent caustic has high values for chemical oxygen demand (cod) concentration, ph and total sulfur. in this study, the regeneration and treatment methodology of sulfidic spent caustic was investigat...

background: it is commonly acknowledged that the most safe and method of choice anesthesia in birds is inhalation anesthesia but in some clinical situations, such as tracheal resection, injectable anesthetic agents are the only choice of surgeons regardless of whether or not an anesthesia machine is available. objectives: this study aimed to compare the quality of anesthesia and recovery time o...

background & purpose: there are occupational hazards related to nitrous oxide (n2o) in hospitals operating and recovery rooms. these hazards include the decrease of mental performance and audio-visual ability, and reduced fertility, spontaneous abortion and neurological, renal and liver diseases. in this survey, the concentration of nitrous oxide in indoor air of hospitals operating and recover...