introduction social development is a phenomenon having close relationship with ways and how the people live in a society. the main goal of  social development is to upgrade the levels of general livings’ status by creating preferred conditions based on accepted values.focuses must be on: reducing poverty and improving the qualities of nutrition, hygiene, housing, occupation, education and fruit...

The “cognitive failures × current concerns” perspective proposes that mind-wandering occurs, in part, because of failures to inhibit distracting thoughts from entering consciousness (Kane & McVay, 2012). Despite older adults (OAs) exhibiting poorer inhibition, they report less mind-wandering than do young adults (YAs). Proposed explanations include (1) that OAs’ thought reports are less valid, ...

The genome structure of a newly isolated sarcoma virus, Y73, was studied. Y73 is a defective, potent sarcomagenic virus and contains 4.8-kilobase (kb) RNA as its genome; in contrast, helper virus associated with Y73 had 8.5-kb RNA, similar to other avian leukemia viruses. Fingerprinting analysis these RNAs demonstrated that the 4.8-kb RNA contains a specific RNA sequence of 2.5 kb, which repres...

BACKGROUND NF-Y is a transcription factor that recognizes with high specificity and affinity the widespread CCAAT box promoter element. It is formed by three subunits: NF-YA and the NF-YB/NF-YC- heterodimer containing histone fold domains (HFDs). We previously identified a large NF-Y gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana, composed of 29 members, and characterized their expression patterns in vari...

Maximizing long-run gains often requires taking on some degree of risk, yet decision-makers often exhibit risk aversion (RA), rejecting risky prospects even when these have higher expected value (EV) than safer alternatives. We investigated whether explicit strategy instruction and practice can decrease prepotent RA, and whether aging impacts the efficacy of such an intervention. Participants p...